Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99).
- Epidermal cyst* (epidermal cyst) – bulging elastic skin nodule resulting from retention of horny and sebaceous masses, of various genesis (traumatic, inflammatory, naevoid).
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99).
- Elephantiasis* – irreversible thickening/hardening of the skin with massive fluid retention.
- Congestive heart failure or decompensated heart failure* (heart failure).
- Thrombosis of the inferior vena cava* – formation of a blood clot in the inferior vena cava.
- Varicocele* /* * (varicocele; synonyms: varicocele testis) – in the area of the plexus pampiniformis formed by the testicular and epididymal veins, a plexus of veins in the spermatic cord (lat. funiculus spermaticus); in a high percentage (75-90%), the varicocele occurs on the left side.Surgical indication: varicocelectomy, if in addition to the varicocele there is also a reduced testis. The threshold is a testicular atrophy index (TAI) of 20%, which means that one testicle is 20% smaller than the other; another factor is a volume difference of at least 2 ml between the two testicles.
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Elephantiasis* – irreversible thickening/hardening of the skin with massive fluid retention.
- Chlamydia* * /* * * (→ ascending/ascending infection).
- Gonococci* * /* * * (→ ascending/ascending infection).
- Leprosy* * (→ chronic orchitis/testicular inflammation).
- Parotitis epidemica (mumps → mumps orchitis).
- Syphilis* * (lues; venereal disease) (→ chronic orchitis / testicular inflammation).
- Tuberculosis* * (consumption) (→ chronic orchitis/testicular inflammation).
Mouth, esophagus (esophagus), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).
- Hernia inguinalis* /* * (inguinal hernia; inguinal hernia; inguinal hernia); in case of incarceration (incarceration) accompanied by severe pain* * * – hernia (hernia) in the region of the inguinal canal.
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)* , usually unilateral.
- Testicular tumors* /* * , unspecified (e.g. seminoma) [these are usually painless; however, hemorrhage may cause acute scrotum* * * ].
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not classified elsewhere (R00-R99).
- Ascites* (abdominal dropsy).
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – sex organs) (N00-N99)
- Epididymoorchitis* * * – combined inflammation of the testis (orchis) and epididymis.
- Epididymidis cyst – encapsulated accumulation of fluid in the region of the epididymis.
- Hematocele* * * /* * / * – bleeding into the testicle.
- Testicular torsion* * * – acute reduced blood flow to the testis due to sudden rotation of the testis around its vascular pedicle (urological emergency!).
- Hydatid torsion* * * – rotation (torsion) of small appendages on the testis, epididymis or spermatic cord; the clinical symptoms initially resemble those of acute testicular torsion; thus difficult to distinguish from it.
- Hydrocele* (water hernia)
- Idiopathic scrotal edema* – swelling of the scrotal skin, the cause of which is not known and does not require treatment.
- Mumps orchitis* * – special form of epididymoorchitis; complication of parotitis epidemica (mumps) in about 25% of patients who suffer mumps disease after puberty; can occur unilaterally as well as bilaterally (unilateral as well as bilateral) / in up to 30% bilaterally.
- Spermatocele* – retention cyst (cyst due to an outflow obstruction) originating from the epididymis (more rarely from the spermatic cord).
- Varicocele* * – pathological expansion and extension of the pampiniform plexus / venous plexus.
Injuries, poisoning and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
Other causes
- Swelling after vasectomy – male sterilization procedure.
- Sepsis (blood poisoning), especially after surgery, catheterization.
* * * Swelling of the testicles with severe pain * * Swelling of the testicles with minor pain * Swelling of the testicles without pain.