The diagnosis
The diagnosis is initially based on the medical history, in which typical symptoms of anemia can be identified. Then a blood sample is taken to identify possible causes. The number of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the blood and the red blood pigment are measured.
In addition, laboratory values can provide information on how heavily the erythrocytes are loaded with haemoglobin, i.e. the red blood pigment. For example, an iron deficiency leads to a lower amount of haemoglobin in the erythrocytes, which means that the red blood cells are particularly small. Enzymes of the iron metabolism such as transferrin and ferritin can also be determined in the blood.
The treatment
The most important therapy for anemia is the treatment of the underlying disease. In the case of anemia in pregnancy, pregnancy is usually the cause of the anemia. It is not a question of treating the pregnancy itself – rather, eating habits should be adapted to the changing needs of the body.
Since iron deficiency is the most common cause of anaemia during pregnancy, a sufficient supply of iron is of utmost importance. This should generally be achieved through a balanced diet during pregnancy. Should anaemia nevertheless occur, additional iron tablets can be taken.
The choice of a suitable preparation should be discussed with a gynaecologist. If a rapid increase in iron levels is necessary, this can be achieved by an iron infusion. In cases of severe anaemia caused by bleeding (so-called haemolytic anaemia), the bleeding should first be stopped. Iron can then be administered – if there is a severe blood deficiency, a blood transfusion may also be necessary.
How dangerous is this for my baby and what consequences can it have for the child?
Anemia during pregnancy has a negative effect on the child in many cases. For example, a lack of folic acid can disturb embryonic development. If the anemia is pronounced, the children cannot thrive.
It is possible that they may be born smaller and lighter, which can lead to further complications after birth. The risk of premature birth is also increased if there is anemia during pregnancy. The child is supplied with oxygen exclusively by the mother’s blood.
Consequently, anaemia during pregnancy also leads to a reduced amount of oxygen for the child. This can impair the development of individual organs. The brain, heart and kidneys are particularly affected – they react sensitively to an oxygen deficiency.
If the anaemia in pregnancy is successfully treated, there is usually no long-term damage to the child. Instead, it can catch up with the development even during pregnancy and be born as a healthy child. If, on the other hand, anemia is not treated in time, this can lead to permanent damage. The child’s brain is particularly affected, as it is dependent on sufficient oxygen for proper development.
