Therapy
Unfortunately, a causal therapy, i.e. a therapy that eliminates the problem, is not possible for colds in general, as well as during pregnancy. Because they are viral pathogens, antibiotics have no benefit either (they only work against bacterial pathogens). So what can you do?
The only possibility for treatment is to reduce the symptoms of the common cold and thus make the disease more bearable. A high intake of fluids is extremely important in this regard. If the throat is not affected and irritated, most patients find hot tea most pleasant.
If the throat and pharynx are also affected and inflamed, lukewarm drinks are recommended in order not to further irritate the area. Inhaling steam helps against severe breathing restrictions and shortness of breath with swollen nasal mucous membranes. This can be done with a special inhaler with a nasal attachment from the pharmacy, but also over a simple pot of hot water to which a few drops of tea tree or chamomile oil have been added.
If all this is not in the house, it often helps to put two or three herbal tea bags in the water whose steam is to be inhaled. The hot steam causes the swelling of the nasal mucous membranes to subside, which makes breathing much easier, and increases the outflow of mucus, which removes many viruses from the affected area. It may be possible to take light painkillers (special attention is required during pregnancy, detailed information in the package inserts of the respective medication!
); however, bed rest is most effective. All the body’s resources are needed to defend itself against viruses, so a lot of sleep and relaxation is the best way to bridge the gap until the organism has helped itself. Nasal sprays should be used very sparingly and carefully in every case of a cold, but especially during pregnancy.
It is best to use them only when there are no other possibilities and the breathing restriction has become too severe. Decongestant nasal sprays (with a chemical agent) usually have a vasoconstrictive effect.Since this effect is not limited to the mucous membranes of the nose, but can be observed throughout the entire body, there is a risk of oxygen deficiency in the unborn child. For this reason, doctors and pharmacists advise against the use of such drugs during the entire pregnancy, but especially in the first trimester.
If the sprays are used for a period of more than 10 days, there is also a risk of dependence. In exceptional cases, a therapy with a nasal spray may be justified, for example if the pregnant woman cannot sleep at night because of the swollen nose. In these cases, one should pay very strict attention to the dosage of the medication and, if possible, use a nasal spray for small children, which are much lower doses.
In the first third of the pregnancy or if you want to do without nasal sprays with vasoconstrictive active ingredients completely, sea salt-based nasal sprays or pure steam inhalation (see Therapy) are recommended as measures that can be used without hesitation. Alternatively, herbal active ingredients, so-called phytopharmaceuticals, or homeopathic remedies are also possible. They generally have few side effects and are also suitable for pregnant women.
Even over a longer period of use they do not cause any damage to the nasal mucosa. The diagnosis of a cold is usually made clinically, i.e. by means of a physical examination, an assessment of the patient’s overall condition and a specific questioning (anamnesis). Cold baths during pregnancy are not recommended.
On the one hand a bath in hot water is stressful for the circulation and thus a further strain on the already weakened body. On the other hand, either essential oils or herbs are classically added to a cold bath. Essential oils should not be used during pregnancy, as they can promote contractions and thus the risk of premature birth.
The same applies to some medicinal plants or herbs. Always consult a doctor if you are uncertain. During pregnancy any kind of medication should be handled very carefully and many medications that would otherwise be used to fight the common cold are also prohibited.
Many medicines, including those on a herbal basis, enter the baby’s circulation via the placenta. One drug that is approved throughout pregnancy and also during the breastfeeding period is paracetamol. It can be taken to reduce fever and as a painkiller.
The maximum daily dose for adults is 4000mg. However, only the lowest possible dose should be taken during pregnancy. If you are unsure, it is better to consult a doctor and get individual advice.
Medications such as ibuprofen or ASA are not recommended during the entire pregnancy. In the last trimester they are even strictly forbidden. Herbal remedies, which are usually used for colds, should also be taken with caution. Herbal does not always mean that it is safe for the baby. A consultation with a doctor or a pharmacist should always take place before taking them and in case of doubt, the decision should be made rather cautiously.
