The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by thrombosis:
Blood-forming organs – Immune system (D50-D90).
- Splenic infarction due to arterial thromboembolism.
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Malignant neoplasms, unspecified.
- Individuals who experience thrombosis of unclear origin develop tumor disease in up to 20% of cases
- In the elderly, cancer may be heralded by myocardial infarction or apoplexy: 0.62% of US seniors experienced myocardial infarction or apoplexy in the month before cancer diagnosis. These two events occurred 5.5-fold more frequently than in a control group of Medicare beneficiaries without cancer. Arterial thrombosis risk increased 150 days before diagnosis, and continued to increase with increasing proximity to diagnosis.
Cardiovascular System (I00-I99).
- Apoplexy (Stroke) – Patients with deep vein thrombosis or with pulmonary emboli are at increased risk for apoplexy. In the first year after deep vein thrombosis, the rate of apoplexy was increased 2.2-fold, and in the first year after pulmonary embolism, the rate was increased 2.9-fold
- Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) – chronic outflow obstruction of the blood after instead of had thrombosis with swelling, skin changes and possible ulceration in the area of the thrombosis.
- Pulmonary embolism – occlusion by a blood clot in a pulmonary vessel.
- Myocardial infarction (heart attack) – Patients with deep vein thrombosis or with pulmonary emboli have an increased risk of myocardial infarction. In the first year after deep vein thrombosis, the rate of myocardial infarction was increased 1.6-fold, and in the first year after pulmonary embolism even 2.6-fold
- Phlegmasia coerulea dolens – acute thrombotic occlusion of all veins of a leg, which can lead to loss of the limb.
- Postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) – chronic congestion of blood return to the heart as a result of thrombosis; occurrence after deep vein thrombosis of the leg.
- Thrombosis recurrence (recurrence of thrombosis).
- Factors predicting recurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients 65 years and older include:
- Location and type of initial event: proximal deep vein thrombosis as well as venous thromboembolism (summary term for pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis VTE) with no apparent cause
- VTE recurrence risk was 2.4-fold increased in patients who had experienced proximal thrombosis at a median age of 75 years
- VTE recurrence risk was 1.7-fold increased in patients with etiologically unexplained venous thromboembolism
- Location and type of initial event: proximal deep vein thrombosis as well as venous thromboembolism (summary term for pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis VTE) with no apparent cause
- Factors predicting recurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients 65 years and older include:
Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59).
- Visual disturbances up to amaurosis (blindness).
Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).
- Mesenteric infarction (intestinal infarction) due to arterial thromboembolism.
Neoplasms (C00-D48)
- Leukemias (blood cancer)
- Lymphoma – malignant neoplasm originating from the lymphatic system.
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – sex organs) (N00-N99).
- Renal infarction due to arterial thromboembolism.
Ischemia tolerance time
- Skin: – 12 h
- Musculature: – 8 h
- Intestine: – 6 h
- Nerves: – 4 h
