1st order
- Stapesplasty (middle ear surgery with insertion of an ossicular prosthesis) – for middle ear disorders such as hearing loss.
- Cochlear implantation (cochlear implant) – hearing prosthesis for people with severe to profound hearing loss (complete deafness) or even when inner ear function is no longer adequate; electronic medical device that takes over the function of the damaged parts of the inner ear to transmit audio signals to the brain (therapy of choice for unilateral or bilateral deafness)
- Vascular surgery – for vascular malformations.