Products
Pure titanium dioxide is available in pharmacies and drugstores. It is found in numerous processed products.
Structure and properties
Titanium dioxide (TiO2, Mr = 79.9 g/mol) is the oxide of the metal titanium, which occurs in various natural minerals. It exists as a white, non-hygroscopic, odorless, tasteless, and stable powder that is practically insoluble in water. It does not dissolve in dilute mineral acids, but dissolves slowly in hot and concentrated sulfuric acid or in hydrofluoric acid. Titanium dioxide has a high melting point of over 1800 °C. Structure: O=Ti=O
Effects
Titanium dioxide is used as a white pigment. It is characterized by its high luminosity and high refractive index. It is also used to make materials opaque (opaque).
Applications
- For cosmetics, personal care products (e.g. toothpaste), pharmaceuticals and food (food additive E 171). Drugs such as tablets and capsules, titanium dioxide is very often added.
- As a mineral UV filter in sunscreens, also in combination with zinc oxide.
Adverse effects
When ingested orally, titanium dioxide is not considered harmful to health, according to previous studies and EFSA’s assessment. However, titanium dioxide nanoparticles are controversial in the literature, including ingestion. Fine titanium dioxide powder should not be inhaled because it can cause inflammation and possibly cancer. Appropriate precautions must be observed during handling.
