Tobacco Dependence: Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of tobacco-related mental and behavioral disorders.

Family history

Social history

  • Is there any evidence of psychosocial stress or strain due to your family situation?

Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints).

  • How long have you been smoking?
  • What do you smoke? (Cigarette, cigarillos, cigars, pipe)?
  • How many cigarettes (cigarillos, cigars, pipe) do you smoke a day?
  • Have you ever tried to quit smoking?
  • What symptoms have you noticed?
    • Pulse increase
    • Cold extremities
    • Cough, especially in the morning
  • Do you feel stressed when you are not smoking?
  • Does smoking give you a sense of security?

Vegetative anamnesis incl. nutritional anamnesis

Self anamnesis incl. medication anamnesis

  • Pre-existing conditions
  • Operations
  • Allergies
  • Medication history

Fagerström test

To determine the severity of tobacco or nicotine dependence, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is recommended.

The following are the questions on the FTND: 1. When do you smoke your first cigarette after getting up in the morning?

Within 5 minutes 3 points
Within 6 to 30 minutes 2 points
Within 31 to 60 minutes 1 point
It takes longer than 60 minutes 0 points

2. do you find it difficult to refrain from smoking in places where smoking is prohibited (e.g., public buildings, movie theaters, etc.)?

Yes 1 point
No 0 points

3, Which cigarette would you not want to give up?

The first one after getting up 1 point
Another 0 points

4.How many cigarettes do you smoke per day?

More than 30 3 points
21-30 2 points
11-20 1 point
Less than 10 0 points

5, Do you generally smoke more in the first few hours after awakening than in the rest of the day?

Yes 1 point
No 0 points

6.Does it happen that you smoke when you are sick and have to stay in bed during the day?

Yes 1 point
No 0 points

Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND), translation after Heatherton et al. 1991, scoring after:

  • 0-2 (very low)
  • 3-4 (low)
  • 5 (medium)
  • 6-7 (high)
  • 8-10 (very high) [out of 2]