Products Acarbose is commercially available in tablet form (Glucobay). It is usually combined with other agents such as metformin, insulin, or sulfonylureas to enhance the antidiabetic effect. Acarbose has been approved in many countries since 1986. Structure and properties Acarbose (C25H43NO18, Mr = 645.60 g/mol) is a pseudotetrasaccharide obtained from the bacterium by fermentation. It … Acarbose Effects and Side Effects
Symptoms The possible acute symptoms of type 2 diabetes include: Thirst (polydipsia) and hunger (polyphagia). Increased urination (polyuria). Visual disturbances Weight loss Fatigue, exhaustion, declining performance. Poor wound healing, infectious diseases. Skin lesions, itching Acute complications: Hyperacidity (ketoacidosis), hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. Untreated diabetes is far from harmless and can lead in the longer term to … Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: Causes and Treatment
Active ingredients Insulins substitute for endogenous insulin: Human insulin Insulin analogues Biguanides reduce hepatic glucose formation: Metformin (Glucophage, generic). Sulfonylureas promote insulin secretion from beta cells: Glibenclamide (Daonil, generic). Glibornuride (Glutril, off label). Gliclazide (Diamicron, generic). Glimepiride (Amaryl, generics) Glinides promote insulin secretion from beta cells: Repaglinide (NovoNorm, generic). Nateglinide (Starlix) Glitazones decrease peripheral insulin … Antidiabetics
Products Miglitol was commercially available in tablet form (Diastabol). It was approved in many countries in 1997 and went out of commerce in 2011. It is still available in some countries. Acarbose (Glucobay) can be used as a possible alternative. Structure and properties Miglitol (C8H17NO5, Mr = 207.2 g/mol) is an analog of glucose and … Miglitol
Effects Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (ATC A10BF) have antidiabetic properties: Glucose is released more slowly in the gut and absorbed more slowly into the blood Decrease the rise in blood glucose after meals and blood sugar fluctuations. Do not cause hypoglycemia as monotherapy Mechanism of action The action is based on the inhibition of intestinal enzymes (alpha-glucosidases) … Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Trade name Among other things Glucobay®. Introduction Acarbose is used as a drug for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (i.e. mainly type II diabetes). It works by inhibiting certain enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract (alpha-glucosidases) which are responsible for the breakdown of sugars (carbohydrates). This leads to a delay in the absorption of glucose. … Acarbose
Interactions Some medications can weaken the effect of acarbose. These include steroids (e.g. cortisone), the “pill” (oral contraceptives), medicines to treat epilepsy (antiepileptic drugs, such as phenytoin), certain drugs to treat high blood pressure or heart disease (calcium channel blockers), water tablets (diuretics), thyroid hormones (e.g. L-thyroxine), hormones (e.g. estrogen), certain tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid) and … Interactions | Acarbose
Contraindications If you already suffer from an intestinal disease such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors should not be taken in order to avoid further strain on the intestinal structures. Since the increased gas formation in the intestine also increases the general pressure in the abdomen, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors should not be taken in the … Contraindications | Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
Intake during pregnancy and lactation Pregnant women and nursing mothers are not advised to take alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Children and adolescents under the age of 18 should also avoid them. Unfortunately, there is too little or hardly any experience available as to how alpha-glucosidase inhibitors affect the development of the human body. Furthermore, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors should … Intake during pregnancy and lactation | Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
What are alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and how do they work? The active ingredients from the group of substances known as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors inhibit enzymes in the intestine that break down carbohydrates absorbed with food into glucose. As a result, blood sugar rises only slowly after eating. However, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors have no effect when consuming foods with … Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
