Microtubules are protein filaments that have a tubular structure and, together with actin and intermediate filaments, form the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. They stabilize the cell and also participate in transport and movement within the cell. What are microtubules? Microtubules are tubular polymers whose protein structures are about 24nm in diameter. Together with other filaments, … Microtubules: Structure, Function & Diseases
A whole range of health impairments that occur predominantly in advanced age are referred to as diseases of old age, both in common parlance and in scientific circles. What are diseases of old age? Forgetfulness and poor concentration is one of the most common manifestations of old age. The diseases of old age are defined … Diseases of Aging: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Age-related forgetfulness is also known as mild cognitive impairment. This is a memory impairment in the form of a decreased ability to concentrate on a task or remember things for a longer period of time. What is age-related forgetfulness? Age forgetfulness is a memory disorder in the form of a decreased ability to focus on … Age-related Forgetfulness: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Symptoms Erectile dysfunction or so-called erectile dysfunction refers to the persistent or recurrent inability to achieve or maintain an erection, which is necessary for sexual activity. This makes sexual intercourse impossible and severely limits sexual life. For the affected man, erectile dysfunction can be a great psychological burden. It can trigger stress, negatively affect self-esteem … Erectile Dysfunction: Causes and Treatment
Products Memantine is commercially available as film-coated tablets, meltable tablets, and oral solution (Axura, Ebixa). It has been approved in many countries since 2003. Generic versions were registered in 2014. Structure and properties Memantine (C12H21N, Mr = 179.3 g/mol) is present in drugs as memantine hydrochloride, a white powder that is insoluble in water. Memantine … Memantine
Effects Smart drugs are pharmaceutical agents that (are intended to) improve the brain’s cognitive abilities: Promote concentration, alertness, attention and receptivity. Increase intelligence and the ability to think Improvement of the imagination Improving understanding and memory Increase creativity This is also referred to as or in English. The effects are based, among other things, on … Smart Drugs
Adenylyl cyclases belong to the lyases as a class of enzymes. Their function is to catalyze cyclic cAMP by cleaving P-O bonds from ATP. In doing so, they trigger a signaling cascade that is responsible for many different processes in the organism. What is an adenylyl cyclase? Adenylyl cyclases mediate effects of hormones or other … Adenylyl Cyclases: Function & Diseases
Products Propentofylline is a form of film-coated tablets commercially available (Karsivan). It has been approved in many countries since 1986. This article refers to its use in dogs. Structure and properties Propentofylline (C15H22N4O3, Mr = 306.4 g/mol) is a xanthine derivative. Effects Propentofylline (ATCvet QC04AD90) is blood flow-promoting in the microcirculation and indirectly platelet aggregation-inhibiting, … Propentofylline
Every human and animal cell is enveloped by a semipermeable membrane. It protects the cell interior against harmful influences from the outside, and it is responsible for the necessary exchange of substances from the outside to the inside as well as from the inside to the outside. In a third function, the membrane takes over … Cell Membrane: Structure, Function & Diseases
Products Medicines containing tacrine are no longer available in many countries. Cognex capsules are no longer on the market. Structure and properties Tacrine (C13H14N2, Mr = 198.3 g/mol) is a tetrahydroacridin-9-amine. It is present in drugs as tacrine hydrochloride monohydrate. Effects Tacrine (ATC N06DA01) is indirectly parasympathomimetic. Effects are due to central and reversible inhibition … Tacrine
Symptoms Alzheimer’s disease manifests itself in a continuously progressive loss of memory and mental and cognitive abilities. Possible symptoms of the disease include: Disorders and loss of memory. Initially, mainly short-term memory is affected (learning new things), later long-term memory is also affected. Forgetfulness, confusion Disorientation Speech, perception and thinking disorders, motor disorders. Personality change, … Alzheimer’s
Chelation therapy is used to detoxify the body in acute and severe chronic heavy metal poisoning. However, this method is controversial for use in minor poisoning and prevention of arteriosclerosis. What is chelation therapy? Chelation therapy is used to detoxify the body in acute and severe chronic heavy metal poisoning. Chelation therapy is a method … Chelation Therapy: Treatment, Effects & Risks
