Muscle Building: Function, Task & Diseases

Muscle building means growth of the musculature, caused by an increased load, such as physical work, sports or special muscle training. In today’s industrialized nations, muscle gain is usually intentional, which is expressed in the numerous fitness studios and sports offers. While moderate muscle gain is not pathological, there are numerous diseases of muscle reduction. … Muscle Building: Function, Task & Diseases

Muscle Dysmorphia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Individuals with the condition muscle dysmorphia pursue the ideal image of an extremely muscular appearance. They compulsively try to achieve this. According to their disordered view, they will never achieve this goal, this appearance. What is muscle dysmorphia? Generally, muscle dysmorphia (MD), also known as bigorexia (biggerexia), adonis complex or muscle addiction, is considered to … Muscle Dysmorphia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Stanozolol

Products There are no finished drug products containing stanozolol on the market in many countries. Structure and properties Stanozolol (C21H32N2O, Mr = 328.5 g/mol) is a steroid and a pyrazole derivative. It exists as a white, crystalline, and hygroscopic powder that is practically insoluble in water. Effects Stanozolol (ATC A14AA02) is anabolic. Indications for use … Stanozolol

Smart Drugs

Effects Smart drugs are pharmaceutical agents that (are intended to) improve the brain’s cognitive abilities: Promote concentration, alertness, attention and receptivity. Increase intelligence and the ability to think Improvement of the imagination Improving understanding and memory Increase creativity This is also referred to as or in English. The effects are based, among other things, on … Smart Drugs

Sympathomimetics

Products Sympathomimetics are commercially available, for example, in the form of tablets, capsules, granules, injectable solutions, eye drops, and nasal sprays. Structure and properties Sympathomimetics are structurally derived from the natural neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine. Effects Sympathomimetics have sympathomimetic properties, meaning that they promote the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, a portion of the … Sympathomimetics

Clostebol

Products No medicines containing clostebol are approved in many countries. Products available in some countries – for example, Italy and Brazil – include Trofodermin cream, a fixed combination with the antibiotic neomycin. Structure and properties Clostebol (C19H27ClO2, Mr = 322.9 g/mol) is a derivative of the male sex hormone testosterone chlorinated at position 4. Trofodermine … Clostebol

Finasteride

Products Finasteride is commercially available as film-coated tablets (prostate: Proscar, generic, 5 mg; hair loss: Propecia, generic, 1 mg). It has been approved in many countries since 1993. Propecia was launched five years later, in 1998. Structure and properties Finasteride (C23H36N2O2, Mr = 372.5 g/mol) is a 4-azasteroid and structurally related to testosterone. It exists … Finasteride

Androgens: Steroid Hormones

Products Androgens are commercially available as oral tablets and capsules, transdermal gels and transdermal patches, and injectables, among others. Testosterone was first isolated in the 1930s. Structure and properties Androgens generally have a steroidal structure and are related to testosterone. They are steroid hormones that are often present as esters in drugs. Effects Androgens (ATC … Androgens: Steroid Hormones

Gliclazide

Products Gliclazide has been commercially available in sustained-release tablet form and approved in many countries since 1978. The sustained-release dosage forms entered the market in 2001. In addition to the original Diamicron MR, sustained-release generics have been available since 2008. Sales of the non-retarded Diamicron 80 mg were discontinued in 2012. Structure and properties Gliclazide … Gliclazide

Testicular Atrophy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Testicular atrophy involves abnormally reduced testicles (shrunken testicles). Severely reduced testicles are usually no longer functional, i.e. neither hormones nor intact sperm are produced. Causes include years of abuse of anabolic steroids, but also genetic defects, such as Klinefelter syndrome, or inflammation of the testicles. What is testicular atrophy? Under a testicular atrophy, the medical … Testicular Atrophy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Citalopram: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses

Products Clomiphene was commercially available in tablet form (Serophene, Clomid). It was approved in many countries since 1967 and is currently no longer available. Drugs containing the active ingredient can be imported from abroad. Structure and properties Clomiphene (C26H28ClNO, Mr = 405.95 g/mol) is a nonsteroidal triphenylethylene derivative that exists as an unequal mixture of … Citalopram: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses