Adenosine triphosphate or ATP is the most energy-rich molecule in the organism and is responsible for all energy-transferring processes. It is a mononucleotide of the purine base adenine and therefore also represents a building block of nucleic acids. Disturbances in the synthesis of ATP inhibit the release of energy and lead to states of exhaustion. … Adenosine Triphosphate: Function & Diseases
Interleukins form a subset of cytokines, cellular messengers that control the immune system. Interleukins are short-chain peptide hormones of 75 to 125 amino acids. They mainly control the local deployment of leukocytes at sites of inflammation, although they can also have systemic effects as in triggering fever. What are interleukins? Interleukins (IL) are short-chain peptide … Interleukins: Function & Diseases
Oligodendrocytes belong to the glial cell group and are an intrinsic part of the central nervous system, along with astrocytes and neurons. As glial cells, they perform supportive functions for neurons. Some neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, are caused by dysfunction of oligodendrocytes. What are oligodendrocytes? Oligodendrocytes are a special type of glial cells. … Oligodendrocytes: Structure, Function & Diseases
Cyclooxygenases are enzymes involved in the production of prostaglandins. These, in turn, cause inflammation. What are cyclooxygenases? Cyclooxygenases (COX) are among the enzymes. They participate in arachidone metabolism. There, they catalyze the production of thromboxanes and prostaglandins. The COX enzymes are centrally involved in the regulation of inflammation. Cyclooxygenase has been known to humans since … Cyclooxygenases: Function & Diseases
Glial cells are located in the nervous system and are structurally and functionally distinct from neurons. According to recent findings, they play a significant role in information processing in the brain as well as throughout the nervous system. Many neurological diseases are due to pathological changes in glial cells. What are glial cells? Glial cells, … Glial Cells: Structure, Function & Diseases
Nervous tissue is organized into a network of glial cells and neurons. While neurons serve as conduits for excitation, glial cells perform organizational functions. Inflammation, necrosis, and space-occupying lesions in the nervous system can cause permanent damage to nervous tissue. What is nervous tissue? In anatomy, nervous tissue refers to interconnected neurons or nerve cells. … Nervous Tissue: Structure, Function & Diseases
Astrocytes belong to the glial cells of the central nervous system and perform important functions in the brain. They not only act as support cells for neurons, but also actively participate in information exchange. Important pathological processes in the brain have an impact on astrocyte activity. What are astrocytes? Astrocytes are star-shaped cells in the … Astrocytes: Function & Diseases
A brain tumour that consists of astrocytes is called an astrocytoma. Astrocytes are the so-called supporting tissue cells of the brain, they are also called glial cells. From this name is derived the further term for tumours of this tissue in the brain and spinal cord: gliomas. Astrocytomas are therefore counted among the tumour group … Astrocytoma
Drug therapy If an operation on the astrocytoma is planned, a cortisone preparation (dexamethasone) must be administered beforehand to reduce the swelling of the tumour. It is also possible to administer the cortisone during radiotherapy, as radiotherapy can initially increase the edema. Accompanying symptoms of an astrocytoma or glioblastoma can be epileptic seizures (convulsions). In … Drug therapy | Astrocytoma
Introduction Glioblastomas are malignant cancers which develop in the brain from its own cells, so-called astrocytes. They are often very aggressive and fast-growing and are usually associated with a poor prognosis. This can also be seen from the fact that they are categorized in the WHO tumor classification as level IV, which is the highest … Course of a glioblastoma
What is the life expectancy? The average life expectancy for a glioblastoma is only about ten to fifteen months after diagnosis. This is due to the malignancy and aggressiveness of the tumor. As described above, complete resections are usually not possible and the tumor usually returns within one year despite radiation and chemotherapy. Since every … What is the life expectancy? | Course of a glioblastoma
