Brief overview What is hypercapnia? Accumulation of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood. It can occur acutely or develop slowly. Causes: e.g. insufficient ventilation of the lungs (for example in COPD and other lung diseases), increased CO2 production in the body (for example in hyperthyroidism), metabolic alkalosis (for example as a result of potassium deficiency), … What is hypercapnia?
Products Maltose is used as an excipient in pharmaceuticals as well as in various foods. It is a natural compound found in many plants. Structure and properties Maltose (C12H22O11, Mr = 342.3 g/mol) is a disaccharide consisting of two molecules of glucose covalently and α-1,4-glycosidically bonded together. It exists as a white, crystalline powder with … Maltose
Products Laxatives are available in numerous dosage forms. These include, for example, tablets, drops, suppositories, powders, granules, solutions, syrups and enemas. Structure and properties Laxatives do not have a uniform chemical structure. However, groups can be identified (see below). Effects Laxatives have laxative properties. They stimulate bowel emptying by different mechanisms depending on the active … Laxative
A stressful situation, a big rush or excitement, and it can happen: A person panics, suddenly has the feeling that he can’t breathe, that he can’t breathe, as if his chest is suddenly too tight. And to help himself, he starts breathing deeper and faster, intermittently and abnormally, for several minutes, until his fingers and … Hyperventilation Effects
Products Extracts are contained in numerous medicinal products, for example, in tablets, capsules, drops, creams, ointments, and injection solutions (selection). They are also used in the preparation of cosmetics, dietary supplements, foods, and medical devices. Structure and properties Extracts are extracts made with a solvent (= extracting agent) such as water, ethanol, methanol, fatty oils, … Extracts
Products Oxygen is commercially available in the form of compressed gas cylinders (oxygen cylinders) with a white color as a compressed gas. In many countries, it is available from PanGas, for example. Structure and properties Oxygen (symbol: O, elemental: O2, atomic number: 8, atomic mass: 15,999) is present as dioxygen (O2, O=O) as a colorless, … Oxygen
Products Antacids are commercially available in the form of lozenges, chewable tablets, as a powder, and as a gel (suspension) for oral use, among others. Well-known brands in many countries include Rennie, Alucol, and Riopan. The first medicines were developed as early as the 19th century. Structure and properties The drugs contain active ingredients that … Antacids to Neutralise Stomach Acid
Products Gluten is found as a powder in commerce (e.g., Morga) and in flours. Structure and properties Gluten is a complex mixture of water-insoluble proteins found in the endosperm of cereal grains, particularly wheat, spelt, rye, and barley. Gluten is rich in the amino acids glutamine and proline and serves as a storage protein. In … Gluten
Definition On the one hand, drugs contain the active ingredients that mediate the pharmacological effects. On the other hand, they consist of excipients, which are used for the production or to support and regulate the drug effect. Placebos, which consist only of excipients and contain no active ingredients, are an exception. Excipients can be of … Auxiliary Materials
Products Staghorn salt is available, for example, in pharmacies and drugstores as open goods. Specialty retailers can order it from specialized suppliers. Structure and properties In a broader sense, staghorn salt is the ammonium salts of carbonic acid, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate or ammonium carbamate (SLMB). In practice, the pure ammonium hydrogen carbonate is … Staghorn Salt
Products Amylases are available, for example, in the form of capsules together with other digestive enzymes. They are often present in industrially produced bread and pastries. The enzymes‘ name is derived from (starch), which is their substrate. Structure and properties Amylases are natural enzymes that hydrolytically cleave glycosidic bonds. They belong to the class of … Amylases
Products Carbonic acid is present in very small quantities in, for example, mineral water (sparkling water) and sodas. Structure and properties Carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 , M r = 62.0 g/mol) is a weak, biprotonic acid that is counted among the inorganic compounds despite the carbon atom. It is very unstable in the … Carbonic Acid
