Smart Drugs

Effects Smart drugs are pharmaceutical agents that (are intended to) improve the brain’s cognitive abilities: Promote concentration, alertness, attention and receptivity. Increase intelligence and the ability to think Improvement of the imagination Improving understanding and memory Increase creativity This is also referred to as or in English. The effects are based, among other things, on … Smart Drugs

Alzheimer’s

Symptoms Alzheimer’s disease manifests itself in a continuously progressive loss of memory and mental and cognitive abilities. Possible symptoms of the disease include: Disorders and loss of memory. Initially, mainly short-term memory is affected (learning new things), later long-term memory is also affected. Forgetfulness, confusion Disorientation Speech, perception and thinking disorders, motor disorders. Personality change, … Alzheimer’s

Oligomannate

Products Oligomannate was approved in China in 2019 in the form of capsules (Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceuticals). The group led by Prof. Geng Meiyu at the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica spent more than 20 years on the research. This is the first new oral Alzheimer’s drug since 2003, and another Phase III clinical trial … Oligomannate

Anti-Dementia Drugs

Indications Dementia, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease Agents Cholinesterase inhibitors: Donepezil (Aricept, generics). Galantamine (Reminyl) Rivastigmine (Exelon) NMDA antagonists: Memantine (Axura, Ebixa). Ergot alkaloids: Codergocrine (Hydergine, out of commerce). Smart Drugs Roborantia Phytopharmaceuticals: Ginkgo

Antiparkinsonian

Effects The majority of antiparkinsonian drugs are directly or indirectly dopaminergic. Some are anticholinergic in action. Indications Parkinson’s disease, including drug-induced Parkinson’s disease in some cases. Drug treatment Overview of drug therapy: 1. dopaminergic agents Levodopa is a precursor of dopamine and is considered the most important and effective pharmacotherapy for PD. Combining it with … Antiparkinsonian

Physostigmine

Products There are no drugs containing physostigmine on the market in many countries. Structure and properties Physostigmine (C15H21N3O2, Mr = 275.3 g/mol) Stem Fabaceae. Effects Physostigmine is indirectly parasympathomimetic by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase; see under cholinesterase inhibitors. Indications Alzheimer’s disease As a miotic Antidote to curare poisoning and parasympatholytics, e.g., atropine.

Proxymetacaine

Products Proxymetacaine is commercially available in the form of eye drops (Alcaine). It has been approved in many countries since 1996. Structure and properties Proxymetacaine (C16H26N2O3, Mr = 294.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as proxymetacaine hydrochloride. It belongs to the ester-type local anesthetics and is structurally related to procaine. Effects Proxymetacaine (ATC S01HA04) has … Proxymetacaine

Heavy Sweating

Physiological background Sweat is produced by millions of eccrine sweat glands that are distributed throughout the body and are particularly numerous on the palms and soles of the hands, face, and armpits. The eccrine sweat glands are spiral and clustered glands that open directly onto the skin surface. They are innervated by cholinergic nerve fibers … Heavy Sweating

VX

Structure and properties VX (C11H26NO2PS, Mr = 267.4 g/mol) belongs to the group of organophosphates. It exists at room temperature as a slightly yellowish, oily, odorless and tasteless liquid with a high viscosity. The “V” stands for venom. The boiling point is relatively high at about 300°C. Therefore, VX is usually used as a liquid, … VX

Parasympathomimetics

Products Parasympathomimetics are commercially available in the form of tablets, capsules, solutions, transdermal patches, injectable solutions, and eye drops, among others. Structure and properties Many parasympathomimetics are structurally related to the natural ligand acetylcholine. Effects Parasympathomimetics have cholinergic (parasympathomimetic) properties. They promote the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system, a portion of the autonomic nervous … Parasympathomimetics

Bethanechol Chloride

Products Bethanechol chloride is commercially available in tablet form (Myocholine-Glenwood). It has been approved in many countries since 1977. Structure and properties Bethanechol chloride (C7H17ClN2O2, Mr = 196.67 g/mol) is structurally closely related to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Effects Bethanechol chloride (ATC N07AB02) has parasympathomimetic (cholinergic) properties. It is an agonist at acetylcholine receptors. Bethanechol chloride … Bethanechol Chloride