cystic fibrosis

Cystic Fibrosis: Causes and Treatment

Symptoms In cystic fibrosis (CF, cystic fibrosis), different organ systems are affected, resulting in a heterogeneous clinical picture with symptoms of varying severity: Lower respiratory tract: Chronic cough with viscous mucus formation, obstruction, recurrent infectious diseases, e.g., with , inflammation, remodeling of the lungs (fibrosis), pneumothorax, respiratory insufficiency, shortness of breath, wheezing, oxygen deficiency. Upper … Cystic Fibrosis: Causes and Treatment

Mannitol

Products Mannitol is commercially available as a powder and as an infusion preparation. The pure substance is available in pharmacies and drugstores. Structure and properties D-mannitol (C6H14O6, Mr = 182.2 g/mol) exists as white crystals or white powder that dissolves readily in water. Mannitol is a hexavalent sugar alcohol and occurs naturally in plants, algae, … Mannitol

Elexacaftor

Products Elexacaftor was approved in the United States in 2019 and in many countries in 2020 as a fixed-dose combination with tezacaftor and ivacaftor in film-coated tablet form (Trikafta). In the morning dose, all three active ingredients are included. In the evening dose, only ivacaftor. Structure and properties Elexacaftor (C26H34F3N7O4S, Mr = 597.7 g/mol) exists … Elexacaftor

CRISPR-Cas9

Genome editing With the CRISPR-Cas9 system, it has become possible to modify the genome of any organism – for example, a bacterium, an animal, a plant or that of a human being – in a targeted and precise manner. In this context, one also speaks of genome editing and genome surgery. The method was first … CRISPR-Cas9

Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia refers to a pathological change in male sperm that often leads to infertility. The sperm changes are also known as OAT syndrome. What is oligoasthenoteratozoospermia? Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia is the term used when abnormal changes occur in a man’s sperm. In medicine, the phenomenon is also known as oligoasthenoteratozoospermia syndrome or OAT syndrome. The term oligoasthenoteratozoospermia … Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Ivacaftor

Products Ivacaftor was approved by the FDA and EMA in 2012 and by Swissmedic in 2014 in film-coated tablet form (Kalydeco). Also available is a fixed combination with lumacaftor (Orkambi). In 2016, a granule was also approved. In 2018, the combination with tezacaftor was approved in the US and EU (Symdeko, Symkevi). In 2020, a … Ivacaftor

Shadow Drugs

Shadow Medication Regulatory-approved drugs are well documented with patient and professional information and scientific research. They have a brand name and are managed, promoted, and distributed by a company. They are available in pharmacies and drugstores and can be ordered from wholesalers or directly from the company. In addition to these official drugs, there is … Shadow Drugs

Colistimethate

Products Colistimethate is commercially available as a powder for the preparation of a solution for a nebulizer and as a powder for the preparation of an infusion solution for a nebulizer. It has been approved in many countries since 2000. Structure and properties Colistimethate sodium is prepared from colistin by reaction with formaldehyde and sodium … Colistimethate

Nasal Polyps

Symptoms Nasal polyps are usually bilateral and localized benign mucosal protrusions of the nasal cavity or sinuses. The leading symptom is nasal constriction leading to a change in voice quality. Other possible symptoms include a watery discharge (rhinorrhea), impaired sense of smell and taste, pain and a feeling of fullness in the head. Nasal polyps … Nasal Polyps

Prenatal Diagnostics: Treatment, Effects & Risks

The term prenatal diagnostics covers various examinations that take place during pregnancy. They deal with the early detection of diseases and maldevelopments of the unborn child. What is prenatal diagnostics? The term prenatal diagnostics covers various examinations that take place during pregnancy. Prenatal diagnostics (PND) refers to medical examination procedures and devices that deal with … Prenatal Diagnostics: Treatment, Effects & Risks

DNA: Structure, Function & Diseases

DNA is considered the Holy Grail of genetics and evolutionary biology alike. Without DNA as the carrier of hereditary information, complex life on this planet is unthinkable. What is DNA? DNA is the abbreviation for “deoxyribonucleic acid“. For biochemists, this designation already says the most important things about its structure, but in normal cases it … DNA: Structure, Function & Diseases

Aztreonam

Products Aztreonam is commercially available as a dry substance for parenteral administration (Azactam) and as an inhalation solution (Cayston). It has been approved in many countries since 1986. Structure and properties Aztreonam (C13H17N5O8S2, Mr = 435.4 g/mol) Effects Aztreonam (ATC J01DF01) is antibacterial against Gram-negative aerobic bacteria, including . Indications For parenteral treatment of bacterial … Aztreonam