Pancreatic enzymes: What your lab values mean

What are pancreatic enzymes? Pancreatic enzymes are digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas. Each day, the organ produces one to two liters of digestive juice, which flows through the main duct (ductus pancreaticus) into the duodenum – the first section of the small intestine. The following pancreatic enzymes are contained in the pancreatic juice: enzymes … Pancreatic enzymes: What your lab values mean

Acarbose Effects and Side Effects

Products Acarbose is commercially available in tablet form (Glucobay). It is usually combined with other agents such as metformin, insulin, or sulfonylureas to enhance the antidiabetic effect. Acarbose has been approved in many countries since 1986. Structure and properties Acarbose (C25H43NO18, Mr = 645.60 g/mol) is a pseudotetrasaccharide obtained from the bacterium by fermentation. It … Acarbose Effects and Side Effects

Medicinal Mushrooms

Products Medicinal mushrooms are commercially available, for example, in the form of capsules, tablets and as powders as dietary supplements or as individually prepared mixtures. Also used are the pure ingredients that are extracted, synthetically produced or semi-synthetically modified. These are usually registered as medicinal products. About mushrooms Fungi are a very diverse group of … Medicinal Mushrooms

Amylases

Products Amylases are available, for example, in the form of capsules together with other digestive enzymes. They are often present in industrially produced bread and pastries. The enzymes‘ name is derived from (starch), which is their substrate. Structure and properties Amylases are natural enzymes that hydrolytically cleave glycosidic bonds. They belong to the class of … Amylases

Pancreatin

Products Pancreatin is commercially available in the form of capsules, dragées, and tablets (Combizym, Creon, Panzytrat). Structure and properties Pancreatin (pancreatic powder) is obtained from the fresh or frozen pancreas of mammals, such as pigs or cattle. The substance contains digestive enzymes with proteolytic, lipolytic and amylolytic activity. Pancreatin is a faint brown, amorphous powder … Pancreatin

Irritable Bowel Syndrome Causes and Treatment

Symptoms Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional bowel disorder that manifests itself in the following persistent or recurrent symptoms: Lower abdominal pain or cramping Diarrhea and/or constipation Flatulence Change in bowel habits, impaired defecation. Incontinence, urge to defecate, feeling of incomplete emptying. The symptoms improve with defecation. Some patients suffer mainly from diarrhea, others from … Irritable Bowel Syndrome Causes and Treatment

Abdominal Pain (Stomach Ache)

Symptoms Abdominal pain manifests as diffuse or clearly localizable pain or cramps in the abdominal area. They may be accompanied by digestive complaints such as diarrhea, flatulence, and vomiting. To be distinguished from this are stomach pains that occur at about the level of the sternum. Causes There are numerous causes of abdominal pain or … Abdominal Pain (Stomach Ache)

Dietary Fiber

Products Dietary fibers are commercially available in the form of powders and granules, among others, as medicinal products and dietary supplements. In pharmacies and drugstores, they are also available as open goods. In foods, dietary fibers are found in cereals, vegetables, fruits and nuts, among others. Structure and properties Dietary fibers are usually derived from … Dietary Fiber

Bee Honey

Products Bee honey is available in grocery stores and from beekeepers, among other places. Medicinal honey ointments and honey pads are available in pharmacies and drugstores (e.g., Medihoney). Structure and properties Bee honey is a variable natural product formed by the honey bee. The bees take nectar from plants or honeydew and mix it with … Bee Honey

Therapeutic Proteins

Products Therapeutic proteins are usually administered in the form of injection and infusion preparations and must be stored in a refrigerator. The first recombinant protein to be approved was human insulin in 1982. Some proteins, for example, are also available in tablet, capsule, and powder form and can be stored at room temperature, such as … Therapeutic Proteins

Enteric-Coated Tablets

Products Several drugs are commercially available as enteric-coated tablets. Listed below are active ingredients that are administered with this dosage form: Proton pump inhibitors such as pantoprazole and esomeprazole. Some painkillers, e.g., NSAIDs such as diclofenac Digestive enzymes: pancreatin Laxative: bisacodyl Salicylates: mesalazine, acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg. Structure and properties Enteric coated tablets belong to … Enteric-Coated Tablets

Therapeutic Enzymes

Products Enzymes are commercially available as drugs in the form of tablets, lozenges, capsules, as well as injection and infusion preparations, among others. Many products are subject to prescription, but there are also some agents which are released for the OTC market. Structure and properties Therapeutic enzymes are usually proteins, i.e. polymers of amino acids, … Therapeutic Enzymes