Erythropoietin, or EPO for short, is a hormone in the glycoprotein group. It functions as a growth factor in the production of red blood cells (erythrocytes). What is erythropoietin? EPO is a hormone produced in the cells of the kidneys. It is composed of 165 amino acids in total. The molecular mass is 34 kDa. … Erythropoietin: Function & Diseases
Background The iron content of an adult is about 3 to 4 g. In women, the value is somewhat lower than in men. About two-thirds is bound to heme as so-called functional iron, is present in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and in enzymes, and is essential for oxygen supply and metabolism. One-third is found in the iron … Iron Deficiency Causes and Treatment
Products Darbepoetin alfa is commercially available as an injectable (Aranesp). It has been approved in many countries since 2002. Structure and properties Darbepoetin alfa is a recombinant glycoprotein produced by biotechnological methods. It consists of 165 amino acids and has the same sequence as natural erythropoietin (EPO), which is formed in the kidney, except for … Darbepoetin Alfa
Products Epoetin theta is marketed as a solution for injection (EpoTheta-Teva, in some countries: Eporatio). It was approved in many countries in 2010. Structure and properties Epoetin theta is a recombinant glycoprotein produced by biotechnological methods. It is composed of 165 amino acids and has the same sequence as natural erythropoietin (EPO) produced in the … Epoetin Theta
Products Epoetin alfa is commercially available as a solution for injection (Eprex, Binocrit, Abseamed). It has been approved in many countries since 1988. Structure and properties Epoetin alfa is a recombinant glycoprotein with a molecular mass of approximately 30 kDa produced by biotechnological methods. It is composed of 165 amino acids and has the same … Epoetin Alfa
Narcotics (e.g. opioids used in doping) are primarily understood to be the active substance group of morphine and its chemical relatives. These substances primarily have analgesic and euphoric effects. These two factors mean that pain arising in the musculoskeletal system can be better tolerated under maximum stress. However, the body’s own pain signals are important … Narcotic
Products Therapeutic proteins are usually administered in the form of injection and infusion preparations and must be stored in a refrigerator. The first recombinant protein to be approved was human insulin in 1982. Some proteins, for example, are also available in tablet, capsule, and powder form and can be stored at room temperature, such as … Therapeutic Proteins
What are reticulocytes? Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells (so-called erythrocytes). They no longer have a cell nucleus, but they are still able to carry out metabolic processes, as some cell organelles are still functional. One of these cell organelles is the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, the genetic information (RNA) is stored in the reticulocytes. … The Reticulocytes
In which diseases are reticulocytes elevated? The classic disease associated with an increased reticulocyte count is anemia. Anemia describes an anaemia. It is characterized by a decreased red blood cell count, i.e. a reduced number of red blood cells, or by a decreased concentration of red blood pigment (so-called hemoglobin). The body tries to compensate … In which diseases are reticulocytes elevated? | The Reticulocytes
What is a reticulocyte crisis? A reticulocyte crisis describes a strong increase of reticulocytes in the blood. This is due to increased blood formation. The crisis can occur after a heavy bleeding, as the body tries to replace the lost blood cells. In addition, it can occur during a substitution therapy with iron, folic acid … What is a reticulocyte crisis? | The Reticulocytes
Products EPO or rEPO is the name given to recombinant erythropoietin. Various epoetins are commercially available in many countries. Recombinant erythropoietin has been approved as a drug since 1988. Structure and properties EPO is a recombinant glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 30 kDa produced by biotechnological methods. It is composed of 165 amino … EPO
The term cytokines encompasses a highly differentiated group of peptides and proteins that act as messengers to exert substantial influence on immune responses by cells of the innate and acquired immune systems. Cytokines include interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors and other polypeptides or proteins. Cytokines are mostly-but not exclusively-produced by cells of the immune system … Cytokines: Structure, Function & Diseases
