Azelastine

Products Azelastine is available as a nasal spray and in eye drop form (eg, Allergodil, Dymista + fluticasone, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1994. Structure and properties Azelastine (C22H24ClN3O, Mr = 381.9 g/mol) is present in drugs as azelastine hydrochloride, a white to almost white crystalline powder. It is a phthalazinone … Azelastine

Dispensing Categories of Medicinal Products

Definition The dispensing of licensed medicines is strictly regulated by law in many countries. Drugs may be available by prescription (prescription-only), nonprescription, and over-the-counter. Typical dispensing points are pharmacies, drugstores and doctors’ offices, provided that self-dispensing is permitted by the canton. Category E drugs may also be sold in the retail trade, for example in … Dispensing Categories of Medicinal Products

Rhinitis Medicamentosa

Symptoms Rhinitis medicamentosa manifests as a stuffy nose with swollen and histologically altered nasal mucosa. Causes It is the result of prolonged use of decongestant nasal medications (sprays, drops, oils, gels) containing active ingredients such as xylometazoline, oxymetazoline, naphazoline, or phenylephrine. Because the nasal mucosa no longer swells on its own and habituation occurs, the … Rhinitis Medicamentosa

Inhaled Glucocorticoids

Effects Glucocorticoids (ATC R03BA02) have anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and immunosuppressive properties. The effects are based on binding to intracellular receptors, resulting in an influence on protein expression. In addition, glucocorticoids also exert extragenomic effects. All agents are lipophilic (virtually insoluble in water) and thus enter cells well across the cell membrane. Indications For the treatment of … Inhaled Glucocorticoids

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Symptoms Possible symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include a chronic cough, mucus production, sputum, shortness of breath, chest tightness, breath sounds, lack of energy, and sleep disturbances. The symptoms often worsen with physical exertion. An acute worsening of chronic symptoms is referred to as an exacerbation. In addition, numerous systemic and extrapulmonary concomitant … Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Nasal Polyps

Symptoms Nasal polyps are usually bilateral and localized benign mucosal protrusions of the nasal cavity or sinuses. The leading symptom is nasal constriction leading to a change in voice quality. Other possible symptoms include a watery discharge (rhinorrhea), impaired sense of smell and taste, pain and a feeling of fullness in the head. Nasal polyps … Nasal Polyps

Nasal Sprays

Products Nasal sprays are very widely used and there are many different products on the market, which are approved drugs or medical devices (see below). Nasal sprays are also manufactured in pharmacies. Structure and properties Nasal sprays are solutions, emulsions, or suspensions intended for spraying into the nasal cavities. They may contain one or more … Nasal Sprays

Fluticasone

Products The active ingredient fluticasone has been approved in many countries since 1994 and is included in numerous drugs: Powder inhalers (Arnuity Ellipta, Seretide + salmeterol, Relvar Ellipta + vilanterol, Trelegy Ellipta + vilanterol + umeclidinium bromide). Metered dose inhalers (Axotide, Seretide + salmeterol, Flutiform + formoterol). Nasal sprays (Avamys, Nasofan, Dymista + azelastine). Nasal … Fluticasone

Hay Fever Causes

Symptoms Possible symptoms of hay fever include: Allergic rhinitis: itchy, runny or stuffy nose, sneezing. Allergic conjunctivitis: red, itchy, watery eyes. Cough, mucus formation Itching in the mouth Swollen, blue discolored skin under the eyes Fatigue Sleep disturbance due to the discomfort Hay fever is often accompanied by other inflammatory diseases of the mucous membranes. … Hay Fever Causes

Cortisone shock therapy | Cortisone therapy for asthma

Cortisone shock therapy In cortisone shock therapy, very high doses of cortisone are applied for a short period of time in the acute phase of a disease in order to achieve rapid relief of symptoms. The cortisone dose is then reduced relatively quickly to a dose that corresponds approximately to the Cushing’s threshold. Such a … Cortisone shock therapy | Cortisone therapy for asthma

What’s the Cushing’s threshold? | Cortisone therapy for asthma

What’s the Cushing’s threshold? The Cushing’s threshold is understood to be the maximum dose of cortisone preparations that can still be taken daily without the risk of developing a so-called Cushing’s syndrome. If high-dose therapy with cortisone preparations is continued over a longer period of time, there is a risk that the oversupply of cortisol … What’s the Cushing’s threshold? | Cortisone therapy for asthma

What are the alternatives to cortisone? | Cortisone therapy for asthma

What are the alternatives to cortisone? The cortisone preparations most frequently used in asthma therapy are budesenoside and beclomethasone. In addition to these cortisone preparations, beta-2 sympathomimetics play a particularly important role in asthma therapy. However, they differ significantly in their effect from the cortisone preparations mentioned. While the inhaled cortisosteroids have a long-term anti-inflammatory … What are the alternatives to cortisone? | Cortisone therapy for asthma