Folic Acid for Conception and Pregnancy

Why folic acid in pregnancy? Animal and plant foods contain a group of water-soluble B vitamins called folates. After being absorbed through food, they are converted into an active form (tetrahydrofolate) in the body. In this form, they regulate many important cellular processes such as cell division and cell growth. This explains the great importance … Folic Acid for Conception and Pregnancy

Pak Choi: Intolerance & Allergy

Pak choi is a relative of Chinese cabbage. It forms loose heads with medium-sized, dark green leaves and is native to Asia, but also thrives in Europe. Here’s what you should know about pak choi Pak choi is a relative of Chinese cabbage. It forms loose heads with medium sized, dark green leaves. As the … Pak Choi: Intolerance & Allergy

Lambs Lettuce: Intolerance & Allergy

Lamb’s lettuce belongs to the honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae) and the Valerian subfamily (Valerianoideae). The genus includes 80 species in North America, North Africa, and Eurasia. Common lamb’s lettuce is the best known species, which is the standard on the table in our latitude. This is what you should know about lamb’s lettuce Lamb’s lettuce has … Lambs Lettuce: Intolerance & Allergy

Enterohepatic Circulation

Definition Pharmaceutical agents are excreted primarily in the urine and, via the liver, in the bile in the stool. When excreted via the bile, they re-enter the small intestine, where they may be reabsorbed. They are transported back to the liver via the portal vein. This repetitive process is called the enterohepatic circulation. It prolongs … Enterohepatic Circulation

Sulfonamides

Effect Antibacterial Bakeriostatic Antiparasitic against protozoa Mechanism of action Sulfonamides inhibit the synthesis of folic acid in microorganisms. They are structural analogues (antimetabolites) of the natural substrate p-aminobenzoic acid and competitively displace it. Trimethoprim, used in combination with sulfamethoxazole, has a synergistic effect. Indications Bacterial infectious diseases caused by: Streptococcus Pneumococcus Actinomycetes Nocardia, e.g. nocaridosis … Sulfonamides

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) represents a rare and severe disorder of hematopoietic cells that is genetic but acquired later in life. Because it is a somatic mutation, germ cells are not affected. If left untreated, the disease can be fatal mainly due to the development of multiple thromboses. What is paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria? Paroxysmal nocturnal … Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Myeloblast: Structure, Function & Diseases

Myeloblasts are the most immature form of granulocytes within granulopoiesis and arise from multipotent stem cells of the bone marrow. Granulocytes are involved in the defense against infection. When there is a deficiency of granulocytes, this deficiency may result from a previous deficiency of myeloblasts and results in immunodeficiency in the sense of immune deficiency. … Myeloblast: Structure, Function & Diseases

Antianemics

Effects Antianemic Indications Anemia of various causes Agents Iron: Iron tablets Iron infusions Vitamins: Folic acid (various) Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin) Epoetins: See under Epoetine