Sugar Addiction

Symptoms People with sugar addiction are dependent on foods high in sugar and exhibit daily and uncontrolled consumption. Sugar addiction can manifest as dependence, tolerance, binge eating, craving, and withdrawal symptoms. Sugary foods are also consumed as sedatives, for stress relief, fatigue, tension and mood disorders. Possible negative consequences include tooth decay, gum problems, mood … Sugar Addiction

Mannitol

Products Mannitol is commercially available as a powder and as an infusion preparation. The pure substance is available in pharmacies and drugstores. Structure and properties D-mannitol (C6H14O6, Mr = 182.2 g/mol) exists as white crystals or white powder that dissolves readily in water. Mannitol is a hexavalent sugar alcohol and occurs naturally in plants, algae, … Mannitol

Almond Milk

Products Almond milk is a vegetable milk that is available in grocery stores, pharmacies, drugstores and health food stores from various suppliers (e.g. Biorex, Ecomil), among others. Almond milk is traditionally drunk in the Mediterranean region. Structure and properties Almond milk is made from the ripe seeds of the almond tree from the rose family. … Almond Milk

Birch Sap

Products Birch sap is available in specialized stores. It can also be freshly “tapped” yourself. The juice is also called birch water. It is produced in Scandinavia, the Baltic States, Eastern Europe and Russia, among other places. Ingredients Birch sap is obtained exclusively in the spring by tapping the trunks of birch trees ( sp.). … Birch Sap

Sorbitol

Products Sorbitol is found alone or in combination with other active ingredients in various laxatives (e.g., Pursana). It is also marketed as an open product and as a solution. Structure and properties Sorbitol (C6H14O6, Mr = 182.2 g/mol) exists as D-sorbitol, a white crystalline powder with a sweet taste that is very soluble in water. … Sorbitol

Anidulafungin

Products Anidulafungin is commercially available as a powder for the preparation of an infusion solution (Ecalta, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 2009. Structure and properties Anidulafungin (C58H73N7O17, Mr = 1140.3 g/mol) is a cyclic lipopeptide. It is a semisynthetic echinocandin obtained from a fermentation product of . It exists as a … Anidulafungin

Auxiliary Materials

Definition On the one hand, drugs contain the active ingredients that mediate the pharmacological effects. On the other hand, they consist of excipients, which are used for the production or to support and regulate the drug effect. Placebos, which consist only of excipients and contain no active ingredients, are an exception. Excipients can be of … Auxiliary Materials

Carbohydrates: Role in Diet

Products Carbohydrates (“sugars”) are found in many natural and processed foods, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and dietary supplements. For example, foods containing carbohydrates include pasta, cereals, flour, dough, bread, legumes, potatoes, corn, honey, sweets, fruits, sweet beverages, and dairy products. Structure Carbohydrates are natural products and biomolecules that are usually composed of only carbon (C), hydrogen … Carbohydrates: Role in Diet

Gout Causes and Treatment

Symptoms Gout is an inflammatory disease of the joints that manifests acutely in attacks of severe pain that worsens with pressure, touch, and movement. The joints are swollen with inflammation, and the skin is red and warm. Fever is observed. Gout often begins in the lower extremities and at the metatarsophalangeal joint (podagra). Urat crystals … Gout Causes and Treatment

Xylose Isomerase

Products Xylose isomerase is commercially available as a medical device in the form of capsules (CH: Fructease, other countries also Fructosin, Fructaid). Structure and properties Xylose isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible isomerization of fructose into glucose. It has been used industrially since the 1950s and is derived from non-pathogenic bacterial strains. D-xylose … Xylose Isomerase

Agave Syrup

Products Agave syrup is available from various suppliers, for example, in pharmacies and drugstores. It is mainly produced in Mexico. Structure and properties Agave syrup exists as a medium-viscosity, amber-colored liquid with a mild sweet taste that is easily soluble in water. It is extracted from various species of agave, including the blue agave , … Agave Syrup

Coconut Blossom Sugar

Products Coconut blossom sugar is available in grocery stores and specialty stores from various suppliers. It is mainly produced in Indonesia and the Philippines. Structure and properties Coconut blossom sugar is obtained from the sap (nectar) of the flowers of the coconut palm by boiling down and crystallization. It is usually present as a brown, … Coconut Blossom Sugar