Sheehan syndrome (HVL necrosis) is the term used to describe a deficiency of ACTH. It is caused by medications or by an alteration of the anterior pituitary gland and is nowadays easily treatable. What is Sheehan syndrome? Sheehan syndrome is a loss of function of the anterior pituitary gland, which usually occurs after childbirth. The … Sheehan Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Bilirubin encephalopathy is a severe complication of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn. It involves damage to the central nervous system. Severe sequelae or even a fatal outcome are possible. What is bilirubin encephalopathy? Bilirubin encephalopathy is characterized by severe central nervous system (CNS) damage caused by elevated bilirubin levels in the neonatal period. Hyperbilirubinemia can cause … Bilirubin Encephalopathy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Products Sulfadiazine is commercially available in combination with silver as silver sulfadiazine cream and gauze (Flammazine, Ialugen plus). This article refers to internal use. See also under silver sulfadiazine. Structure and properties Sulfadiazine (C10H10N4O2S, Mr =250.3 g/mol) exists as in the form of crystals or as a crystalline powder with white, yellowish or light pink … Sulfadiazine
Effect Antibacterial Bakeriostatic Antiparasitic against protozoa Mechanism of action Sulfonamides inhibit the synthesis of folic acid in microorganisms. They are structural analogues (antimetabolites) of the natural substrate p-aminobenzoic acid and competitively displace it. Trimethoprim, used in combination with sulfamethoxazole, has a synergistic effect. Indications Bacterial infectious diseases caused by: Streptococcus Pneumococcus Actinomycetes Nocardia, e.g. nocaridosis … Sulfonamides
Products The first agent in the GLP-1 receptor agonist group to be approved was exenatide (Byetta) in the United States in 2005 and in many countries and the EU in 2006. In the meantime, several other drugs have been registered (see below). These drugs are also known as incretin mimetics. They are commercially available as … GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Symptoms The possible acute symptoms of type 1 diabetes include: Thirst (polydipsia) and hunger (polyphagia). Increased urination (polyuria). Visual disturbances Weight loss Fatigue, exhaustion, declining performance. Poor wound healing, infectious diseases. Skin lesions, itching Acute complications: Hyperacidity (ketoacidosis), coma, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. The disease usually manifests in childhood or adolescence and is therefore also called … Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
Products Exenatide is commercially available as an injectable (Byetta, Bydureon). It was approved in the United States in 2005 as the first agent in the GLP-1 receptor agonist group (Byetta). In many countries, the drug was registered a year later. The long-acting Bydureon Pen was approved in many countries in 2012, with additional approval as … Exenatide
Products The inhaled human insulin Exubera (Pfizer, powder inhalation) is no longer commercially available. It was withdrawn from the market in 2007 for commercial reasons. In 2014, a new product was approved in the United States; see Inhalable Insulin. Structure and properties Human insulin (C257H383N65O77S6, Mr = 5808 g/mol) is a polypeptide with the structure … Exubera
Products In late September 2016, the first so-called “artificial pancreas” was approved in the United States, Medtronic’s MiniMed 670G system. The system will be available by physician prescription in spring 2017. How it works The device measures glucose levels every five minutes with a sensor under the skin (subcutaneous) in tissue fluid and automatically delivers … Artificial Pancreas
Silver-Russell syndrome (RSR) represents a very rare syndrome that is characterized by prenatal growth disturbances with the development of short stature. So far, only about 400 cases of the disease have been documented. The presentation is highly variable, suggesting that it is not a uniform disorder. What is Silver-Russell syndrome? Silver-Russell syndrome is characterized by … Silver-Russell Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Products Promazine is commercially available in the form of dragées (Prazine). It has been approved in many countries since 1957. Structure and properties Promazine (C17H20N2S, Mr = 284.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as promazine hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder that is very soluble in water. It is a dimethylamine derivative of phenothiazine and structurally … Promazine
Products An inhalable insulin preparation containing a rapid-acting human insulin was approved in the United States in 2014 (Afrezza, powder inhalation). The drug has not yet been registered in many countries. Pfizer’s first inhalable insulin Exubera was withdrawn from the market in 2007 for commercial reasons; see Exubera. Structure and properties Human insulin (C257H383N65O77S6, Mr … Inhalable Insulin
