Lorazepam: Effects, Uses, Side Effects

How lorazepam works Lorazepam is a drug from the group of benzodiazepines and, as such, has anxiety-relieving (anxiolytic), sedative (tranquilizing), muscle-relaxing (muscle-relaxing) and anticonvulsant (anticonvulsant) effects. Like all benzodiazepines, lorazepam wikr directly at the junctions between nerve cells in the brain. At these so-called synapses, the nerve cells communicate with each other via messenger substances … Lorazepam: Effects, Uses, Side Effects

Enterohepatic Circulation

Definition Pharmaceutical agents are excreted primarily in the urine and, via the liver, in the bile in the stool. When excreted via the bile, they re-enter the small intestine, where they may be reabsorbed. They are transported back to the liver via the portal vein. This repetitive process is called the enterohepatic circulation. It prolongs … Enterohepatic Circulation

Benzodiazepines Effects and Side Effects

Products Benzodiazepines are commercially available in the form of tablets, melting tablets, capsules, drops, and injectables, among others (selection). Chlordiazepoxide (Librium), the first benzodiazepine, was synthesized in the 1950s by Leo Sternbach at Hoffmann-La Roche and was launched in 1960. The second active ingredient, the well-known diazepam (Valium), was launched in 1962. Numerous other drugs … Benzodiazepines Effects and Side Effects

Sedative

Products Sedatives are commercially available in the form of tablets, melting tablets, drops, as injectables and tinctures, among others. Structure and properties Sedatives do not have a uniform chemical structure. Effects The active ingredients have sedative properties. Some are additionally antianxiety, sleep-inducing, antipsychotic, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant. The effects are due to promotion of inhibitory mechanisms … Sedative

Narcotics Effects and Side Effects

Products The narcotics are a group of centrally acting drugs and substances, which are strongly regulated and controlled by the state respectively by the drug and health authorities. This is primarily to prevent abuse and to protect the population from the undesirable effects and addiction. Certain narcotics – for example, many potent hallucinogens – are … Narcotics Effects and Side Effects

Lorazepam for Anxiety Disorders

The active ingredient lorazepam is primarily used to treat patients with anxiety and panic disorders, as it has a calming and anti-anxiety effect. However, taking the active ingredient is associated with several side effects, including fatigue, dizziness, and unsteadiness of gait. If lorazepam is taken over a long period of time, the active ingredient can … Lorazepam for Anxiety Disorders

Pregabalin

Products Pregabalin is commercially available in capsule form and as an oral solution (Lyrica, generics). It was approved in the United States and EU in 2004 and in many countries in 2005. Structure and properties Pregabalin (C8H17NO2, Mr = 159.2 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water. It was developed … Pregabalin

Enantiomers

Introductory question How much active ingredient is in a 10 mg cetirizine tablet? (a) 5 mg B) 7.5 mg C) 10 mg The correct answer is a. Image and mirror image Many active pharmaceutical ingredients exist as racemates. They consist of two molecules that behave like an image and mirror image of each other. These … Enantiomers

Antivertiginosa

Products Antivertiginosa are commercially available in the form of tablets, capsules, and drops, among others. The name of the drug group is derived from anti- (against) and vertigo, the Latin technical term for vertigo or spinning. Structure and properties Antivertiginosa do not have a uniform structure because different drug groups are used. Effects The agents … Antivertiginosa

Anxiolytics

Products Anxiolytics are commercially available in the form of tablets, capsules, and injectable preparations, among others. Structure and properties Anxiolytics are a structurally heterogeneous group. However, the representatives can be divided into different classes. These include, for example, the benzodiazepines or the tricyclic antidepressants. Effects Anxiolytics have antianxiety (anxiolytic) properties. They usually have additional effects, … Anxiolytics

Restless Legs Syndrome Causes and Treatment

Symptoms Restless legs syndrome manifests as an uncomfortable and difficult-to-describe feeling in the legs and a strong urge to move the legs. Less commonly, the arms are also affected. The unilateral or bilateral insensations include, for example, a burning sensation, pain, pressing, creeping and a pulling sensation. The discomfort occurs mainly at rest, for example, … Restless Legs Syndrome Causes and Treatment

Sleeping Pills: Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses

Products Sleeping pills are most commonly taken in the form of tablets (“sleeping pills“). In addition, melting tablets, injectables, drops, teas and tinctures are also available, among others. The technical term hypnotics is derived from Hypnos, the Greek god of sleep. Structure and properties Within the sleeping pills, groups can be identified which have a … Sleeping Pills: Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses