Morphine: Effects, use, side effects

How morphine works Morphine is a drug from the opiate group. It has a strong analgesic (pain-relieving), cough-relieving (antitussive) and sedative or depressant effect. Humans have an endogenous analgesic system that is activated in stressful situations, among other things. For example, it is often possible for injured people to initially help others after serious accidents … Morphine: Effects, use, side effects

Dihydrocodeine

Products Dihydrocodeine is commercially available as sustained-release tablets, drops, and syrup (Codicontin, Paracodin, Escotussin, Macatussin Syrup). It has been approved in many countries since 1957. Structure and properties Dihydrocodeine (C18H23NO3, Mr = 301.4 g/mol) is a hydrogenated derivative of codeine. It is present in drugs as dihydrocodeine thiocyanate, dihydrocodeine hydrochloride, or dihydrocodeine tartrate. Dihydrocodeine tartrate … Dihydrocodeine

Dextromoramide

Products Dextromoramide is registered as a solution for injection for dogs (Palfivet, off label). It has been approved in many countries since 1960. Human drugs are not available in many countries. Structure and properties Dextromoramide (C25H32N2O2, Mr = 392.5 g/mol) is a diphenylpropylamine structurally similar to methadone. Effects Dextromoramide (ATCvet QN02AC01) is analgesic and has … Dextromoramide

AH-7921

Products AH-7921 is not on the market as a drug. It has been semi-legally and illegally traded on the black market and abused as an intoxicant since 2012. AH-7921 was patented in 1976 by Allen and Hanburys Ltd. Structure and properties AH-7921 (C16H22Cl2N2O, Mr = 329.3 g/mol) is structurally different from classical opioids such as … AH-7921

Codeine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses

Products Codeine is available alone or in combination with other active ingredients in the form of tablets, effervescent tablets, capsules, dragées, syrups, drops, bronchial pastilles, and as suppositories. It is also combined fixedly with acetaminophen for the treatment of pain (see under codeine acetaminophen). Structure and properties Codeine (C18H21NO3, Mr = 299.36 g/mol) is -methylated … Codeine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses

Narcotics Effects and Side Effects

Products The narcotics are a group of centrally acting drugs and substances, which are strongly regulated and controlled by the state respectively by the drug and health authorities. This is primarily to prevent abuse and to protect the population from the undesirable effects and addiction. Certain narcotics – for example, many potent hallucinogens – are … Narcotics Effects and Side Effects

Carfentanil

Products In many countries, no drugs containing carfentanil are on the market. The active ingredient is used in veterinary medicine (Wildnil). Legally, it belongs to narcotics. Structure and properties Carfentanil (C24H30N2O3, Mr = 394.5 g/mol) is structurally closely related to fentanyl, being 4-methoxycarbonylfentanyl. Carfentanil citrate is present in pharmaceuticals. The active ingredient was developed at … Carfentanil

Aphrodisiacs

Effects Aphrodisiac Medical indications To promote sex drive or potency. Erectile dysfunction in men “Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder” (decreased sexual drive). Active ingredients Use v.a. in erectile dysfunction: phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors increase blood flow to the corpus cavernosum of the penis and act only during sexual stimulation: Sildenafil (Viagra) Tadalafil (Cialis) Vardenafil (Levitra) Prostaglandins must be … Aphrodisiacs

Hydromorphone

Products Hydromorphone is commercially available as sustained-release tablets, sustained-release capsules, capsules, solution for injection, solution for infusion, and drops (e.g., Palladon, Jurnista, Hydromorphoni HCl Streuli). It has been approved in many countries since 1996. Structure and properties Hydromorphone (C17H19NO3, Mr = 285.3 g/mol) is a semisynthetic, hydrogenated and oxidized morphine derivative. It is present in … Hydromorphone

Psychotropic Drugs: Salvation or Doom?

Substances that influence the central nervous system and thus alter perception, mood and behavior have been known since ancient times and were used primarily for cultic and religious purposes. For the past 50 years or so, such “acting on the soul” substances, psychotropic drugs, have been used to treat psychiatric disorders. Public opinion alternates between … Psychotropic Drugs: Salvation or Doom?

Oripavin

Products There are no medicines containing oripavine on the market in many countries. Oripavine is classified as a narcotic and requires an aggravated prescription. Structure and properties Oripavine (C18H19NO3, Mr = 297.3 g/mol) is an opioid that is structurally closely related to thebaine (3-demethylthebaine). Oripavine is an alkaloid and a natural constituent of several poppy … Oripavin

Metabolism (Biotransformation)

Introduction Biotransformation is an endogenous pharmacokinetic process that leads to a change in the chemical structure of active pharmaceutical ingredients. The organism’s general goal in doing so is to make the foreign substances more hydrophilic and to direct them to excretion via the urine or stool. Otherwise, they could be deposited in the body and … Metabolism (Biotransformation)