Transdermal Patches

Products Transdermal patches are approved as medicinal products. They offer themselves as an alternative to other modes of application such as peroral and parenteral administration. The first products were launched in the 1970s. Structure and properties Transdermal patches are flexible pharmaceutical preparations of varying sizes and thinness that contain one or more active ingredients. They … Transdermal Patches

Isosorbide Dinitrate

Products Isosorbide dinitrate is commercially available in many countries in the form of tablets, sustained-release tablets, sustained-release capsules, as an infusion concentrate, and as a spray (Isoket). The drug first came on the market in the 1940s. Structure and properties Isosorbide dinitrate (C6H8N2O8, Mr = 236.14 g/mol) exists as a white, fine, crystalline and odorless … Isosorbide Dinitrate

Ester

Definition Esters are organic compounds formed by the reaction of an alcohol or phenol and an acid such as a carboxylic acid. The condensation reaction releases a water molecule. The general formula of esters is: esters can also be formed with thiols (thioesters), with other organic acids, and with inorganic acids such as phosphoric acid … Ester

Glycerol

Products Glycerol (synonym: glycerol) is contained in numerous drugs as a pharmaceutical excipient. As an active ingredient, it is mainly used as a laxative in the form of suppositories or as an enema (e.g., Bulboid). Structure and properties Glycerol or propane-1,2,3-triol (C3H8O3, Mr = 92.1 g/mol) is a colorless, clear, fatty-feeling, syrupy, very hygroscopic liquid … Glycerol

Nicorandil

Products Nicorandil is commercially available in tablet form (Dancor). It has been approved in many countries since 1993. Structure and properties Nicorandil (C8H9N3O4, Mr = 211.2 g/mol), like nitroglycerin, is an organic nitrate. It is a combination of the vitamin nicotinamide with an ethyl nitrate. Effects Nicorandil (ATC C01DX16) has vasodilator, antihypertensive, and cardioprotective properties. … Nicorandil

Diffuse Esophageal Spasm

Symptoms Diffuse esophageal spasm manifests as seizure-like pain behind the breastbone (chest pain) and difficulty swallowing. The pain may radiate to the arms and jaw, similar to angina. Other possible symptoms include shortness of breath, cramping and burning. The duration of attacks varies, ranging from seconds to minutes. They are often triggered by food intake, … Diffuse Esophageal Spasm

Organic Nitrates

Products Nitrates are commercially available in the form of chewable capsules, transdermal patches, infusion preparations, ointment, sustained-release tablets, sustained-release capsules, and sprays. As the first representative, nitroglycerin was already produced in the 19th century and used for the treatment of angina pectoris. Nitrates are thus among the oldest synthetic drugs. Structure and properties Organic nitrates … Organic Nitrates

Who was Alfred Nobel?

Alfred Bernhard Nobel, chemist and entrepreneur, surely known to many for the Nobel Prize, was born in Stockholm on Oct. 21, 1833. He left Stockholm at a young age and moved with his parents to St. Petersburg. There he received private lessons in languages, literature and natural sciences. After a few years abroad, where he … Who was Alfred Nobel?

Sulfuric Acid

Products Pure sulfuric acid is available in specialized stores. It is one of the most important chemicals and millions of tons of it are produced annually. Concentrated sulfuric acid should not be given to private individuals in our view because of the potential risk. Structure and properties The sulfuric acid (H2SO4, Mr = 98.1 g/mol) … Sulfuric Acid

Heart Attack Causes and Treatment

Symptoms A heart attack manifests itself in acute and severe pain and a feeling of tightness and pressure in the chest, which may also radiate to the arms, jaw or abdomen. Other symptoms include nausea, indigestion, shortness of breath, coughing, a break of sweat, pallor, fear of death, unconsciousness and dizziness. A myocardial infarction lasts … Heart Attack Causes and Treatment

Nitroglycerin Capsules

Products Nitroglycerin is commercially available in many countries in the form of chewable capsules (Nitroglycerin Streuli). The active ingredient was produced and used medicinally as early as the 19th century. Structure and properties Nitroglycerin or glycerol trinitrate (GTN, C3H5N3O9, Mr = 227.1 g/mol) is an organic nitrate. It is nitrated glycerol. Nitroglycerin exists as an … Nitroglycerin Capsules