Products Zopiclone is commercially available in tablet form (Imovane, auto-generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1993. In the United States, the pure -enantiomer eszopiclone is also available (Lunesta). Structure and properties Zopiclone (C17H17ClN6O3, Mr = 388.8 g/mol) is a racemate and belongs to the cyclopyrrolones. It exists as a white to slightly … Zopiclone
Symptoms People with sugar addiction are dependent on foods high in sugar and exhibit daily and uncontrolled consumption. Sugar addiction can manifest as dependence, tolerance, binge eating, craving, and withdrawal symptoms. Sugary foods are also consumed as sedatives, for stress relief, fatigue, tension and mood disorders. Possible negative consequences include tooth decay, gum problems, mood … Sugar Addiction
Products Ziconotide is commercially available as an infusion solution (Prialt). It has been approved in many countries since 2006. Structure and properties Ziconotide (C102H172N36O32S7, Mr = 2639 g/mol) is a peptide of 25 amino acids with three disulfide bridges. It is a synthetic analog of the ω-conopeptide MVIIA, which occurs in the venom of the … Ziconotide
Symptoms In localized frostbite, the skin becomes pale, cold, hard, and insensitive to touch and pain. Only when it warms and thaws does redness appear and severe, pulsating pain, burning, and tingling set in. In addition, edema and blisters may form and, in a severe course, tissue dies. Often affected are exposed parts of the … Frostbite
Products Dihydrocodeine is commercially available as sustained-release tablets, drops, and syrup (Codicontin, Paracodin, Escotussin, Macatussin Syrup). It has been approved in many countries since 1957. Structure and properties Dihydrocodeine (C18H23NO3, Mr = 301.4 g/mol) is a hydrogenated derivative of codeine. It is present in drugs as dihydrocodeine thiocyanate, dihydrocodeine hydrochloride, or dihydrocodeine tartrate. Dihydrocodeine tartrate … Dihydrocodeine
Symptoms Drug-induced prolongation of the QT interval can rarely lead to severe arrhythmias. This is polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, known as torsade de pointes arrhythmia. It can be seen on the ECG as a wave-like structure. Due to the dysfunction, the heart cannot maintain blood pressure and can only pump insufficient blood and oxygen to the … Prolongation of the QT Interval
Cough syrup as an intoxicant Many antirritant cough syrups contain active ingredients that are psychoactive in high doses and can be abused as intoxicants. Substances include, for example: Opioids such as codeine, dihydrocodeine and ethylmorphine. NMDA antagonists: dextromethorphan Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine and oxomemazine. Phenothiazines: promethazine (out of commerce). Such drugs are unlike other drugs … Misuse of Cough Syrup
Products Kratom is not currently approved as a drug or medical device in many countries. From our point of view, kratom should be classified as a narcotic from a purely technical point of view. However, according to information from Swissmedic, it is not legally a narcotic (as of 1/2015). In 2017, however, the ingredients mitragynine … Kratom
Symptoms Neck tension manifests as neck and muscle pain and a tightening and hardening of the muscles. They result in limited range of motion. Under certain circumstances, the head can no longer be turned to the side. This condition is also known as “cervical gyration.” The pain and cramping are uncomfortable and disrupt normal daily … Neck Tension
Products Benzhydrocodone was approved in the United States in 2018 as a fixed combination with acetaminophen in tablet form with a modified release of active ingredient (Apadaz). Structure and properties Benzhydrocodone (C25H25NO4, Mr = 403.5 g/mol) is an inactive prodrug of hydrocodone. It is an ester of benzoic acid with the opioid that is enzymatically … Benzhydrocodone
Products Benzodiazepines are commercially available in the form of tablets, melting tablets, capsules, drops, and injectables, among others (selection). Chlordiazepoxide (Librium), the first benzodiazepine, was synthesized in the 1950s by Leo Sternbach at Hoffmann-La Roche and was launched in 1960. The second active ingredient, the well-known diazepam (Valium), was launched in 1962. Numerous other drugs … Benzodiazepines Effects and Side Effects
Definition Prescription drugs are a group of drugs that may be obtained from a pharmacy only with a doctor’s prescription. The prescription is usually issued during a consultation. Within this group, different dispensing categories exist in many countries. The presence of a doctor’s prescription is often a condition for the health insurance company to reimburse … Prescription Drugs
