How oxytocin works The hormone oxytocin is produced in the hypothalamus (section of the diencephalon) and released by the pituitary gland (hypophysis). It acts both in the brain and in the rest of the body, where it reaches via the blood system. According to scientific studies, oxytocin causes sexual arousal, bonding behavior and (after birth) … Oxytocin: Effects, uses, side effects
Products Beta2-sympathomimetics are usually commercially available as inhalation preparations (powders, solutions) administered with an inhaler, for example, metered-dose inhaler, diskus, Respimat, Breezhaler, or Ellipta. There are few drugs on the market that can be given perorally. Structure and properties Beta2-sympathomimetics are structurally related to the natural ligands epinephrine and norepinephrine. They may exist as racemates … Beta2-Sympathomimetics
Drug induction of labor Induction of labor may be indicated for a variety of reasons, such as premature rupture of the membranes, gestational hypertension, or if the due date has passed. Several medications are available, which are usually administered intravenously, vaginally, or cervically: Oxytocin: Is a natural hormone of the pituitary gland that is secreted … Birth Induction
Products Carbetocin is commercially available as a solution for injection (Pabal, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 2008. Structure and properties Carbetocin (C45H69N11O12S, Mr = 988.2 g/mol) is a synthetic octapeptide analog of oxytocin. Effects Carbetocin (ATC H01BB03) is a rapid and long-acting oxytocin agonist. It binds to oxytocin receptors in uterine … Carbetocin
Products Nasal sprays are very widely used and there are many different products on the market, which are approved drugs or medical devices (see below). Nasal sprays are also manufactured in pharmacies. Structure and properties Nasal sprays are solutions, emulsions, or suspensions intended for spraying into the nasal cavities. They may contain one or more … Nasal Sprays
Products Dinoprostone is commercially available as a vaginal insert and vaginal tablet (Propess, Prostin E2). It is also available as a vaginal gel and vaginal suppository in some countries. Dinoprostone has been approved in many countries since 1986. Structure and properties Dinoprostone (C20H32O5, Mr = 352.5 g/mol) corresponds to the natural prostaglandin E2. It exists … Dinoprostone
Synonyms sex hormone, androgen, androstane, sex hormones Introduction Testosterone is a derivative of the sex hormone (androgen). Testosterone occurs in both sexes, but differs in concentration and effect. Tesotosterone is derived from testis (testicle) and steroid. The “inventor” of testosterone was Ernst Lageur, who was the first to extract bull testicles. In men, testosterone is … Testosterone
Side effects Among the most frequently observed side effects, especially in the form of overdose abuse are the following: Liver Diseases Kidney damage Cardiac arrhythmias Diseases of the cardiovascular system Arteriosclerosis Gynecomastia (butt formation in men) Steroid acne see: Acne Mental illnesses like depression Poorer memory performance Decrease in sperm count Reduction of the testicles … Side effects | Testosterone
Products LABA is an acronym for , which means long-acting beta agonists (sympathomimetics). LABAs are mainly marketed as inhaled preparations (powders, solutions) administered with an inhaler such as a metered-dose inhaler, diskus, respimat, breezhaler, or ellipta. Some may also be given perorally. Salmeterol and formoterol were the first agents from this group to be approved … LABA
Products Fenoterol is commercially available in combination with ipratropium bromide as a metered-dose inhaler (Berodual N). Berotec N is no longer on the market. Fenoterol has been approved in many countries since 2000. Structure and properties Fenoterol is present in drugs as fenoterol hydrobromide (C17H22BrNO4, Mr = 384.3 g/mol) is present, a white crystalline powder … Fenoterol
Cause When pregnancy begins, the body releases large amounts of estrogen and progesterone in addition to the pregnancy hormone beta- HCG to prepare for the upcoming pregnancy. The hormone surge leads to increased growth processes in the breast and the formation of additional mammary glands to ensure that the infant is adequately nourished after birth … Cause | Changes of the nipples during pregnancy
Therapy There is no uniform therapy against unpleasant nipples during pregnancy that is effective for all women. Every woman feels the change processes that take place in her body differently. For some it is already sufficient to know that other pregnant women feel the same way and that most complaints disappear after three months. Others, … Therapy | Changes of the nipples during pregnancy
