Products Stearic acid is available as a pure substance in pharmacies and drugstores. The name “stear” comes from the Greek and means tallow or lard, so it shows the origin of the substance. Structure and properties Stearic acid or octadecanoic acid (C18H36O2, Mr = 284.5 g/mol) is a saturated and unbranched C18 fatty acid, i.e., … Stearic Acid
Products Suspensions are commercially available as cosmetics, medical devices, and drugs. Typical examples of medicines are eye drop suspensions, antibiotic suspensions, nasal sprays with glucocorticoids and other drugs for ingestion, antacids, the activated charcoal suspension, injection suspensions and shaking mixtures. Structure and properties Suspensions are liquid preparations for internal or external use. They are heterogeneous … Suspensions
Products Soybean oil is used as an excipient in medicinal products, for example, injectables, soft capsules, baths and semi-solid dosage forms. Structure and properties Refined soybean oil is a fatty oil obtained from the seeds of by extraction and subsequent purification. A suitable antioxidant may be added. Refined soybean oil exists as a clear, pale … Soybean Oil
Products Oxygen is commercially available in the form of compressed gas cylinders (oxygen cylinders) with a white color as a compressed gas. In many countries, it is available from PanGas, for example. Structure and properties Oxygen (symbol: O, elemental: O2, atomic number: 8, atomic mass: 15,999) is present as dioxygen (O2, O=O) as a colorless, … Oxygen
Products Foams are commercially available as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics (personal care products), medical devices, and foods. Some examples are listed below: Rectal foam containing budesonide or mesalazine for inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis of the rectum). Glucocorticoids and calcipotriol in psoriasis of the skin or scalp. Minoxidil for the treatment of androgenetic hair loss. No drugs: … Foams
Products Numerous medicines are commercially available as film-coated tablets. Today, they are produced much more frequently than the classic coated tablets, which are characterized by a thicker layer with sugar. If tablets are newly registered, they are usually film-coated tablets. Structure and properties Film-coated tablets are tablets that are coated with a thin layer of … Film Tablets
Products Polysaccharides are present as excipients and active ingredients in numerous pharmaceuticals. They play a fundamental role in foods for nutrition. Polysaccharides are also known as glycans (glycans). Structure and properties Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrates composed of hundreds to thousands of sugar units (monosaccharides). As few as 11 monosaccharides are referred to as polysaccharides. They … Polysaccharides
Structure and properties Lipids are characterized by being soluble in organic (apolar) solvents and generally sparingly soluble or insoluble in water. They have lipophilic (fat-loving, water-repellent) properties. Lipids also exist, with polar structural elements such as the phospholipids or ionized fatty acids. They are called amphiphilic and can form lipid bilayers, liposomes and micelles. For … Lipids
Products Gels are commercially available as pharmaceuticals, medical devices and cosmetics. Structure and properties Gels consist of gelled liquids. They are prepared with suitable swelling agents (gelling agents). These include, for example, celluloses (e.g., hydroxypropyl cellulose), starches, carbomers, gelatin, xanthan gum, bentonite, agar, tragacanth, carrageenan, and pectin. The pharmacopoeia distinguishes between hydrophilic and lipophilic gels. … Gels
Products Dimethyl ether is found in pharmaceuticals, medical devices and personal care products as an excipient. It should not be confused with dimethyl ether. Structure and properties Dimethyl ether (C2H6O, Mr = 46.1 g/mol) is the simplest representative from the group of ethers with the structure CH3-O-CH3. It exists at standard conditions as a colorless … Dimethyl Ether
Products Emulsifiers are available as pure substances, for example, in pharmacies and drugstores. They are found in numerous pharmaceuticals, cosmetics (personal care products), medical devices and foods. Structure and properties Emulsifiers are amphiphilic, meaning they have both a hydrophilic and lipophilic structural character. This allows them to mediate between the water and fat phases. Emulsifiers … Emulsifiers
Products Sunscreens are preparations for external use that contain UV filters (sunscreen filters) as active ingredients. They are available as creams, lotions, milks, gels, fluids, foams, sprays, oils, lip balms and fat sticks, among others. These are generally cosmetics. In some countries, sunscreens are also approved as medicines. Which filters are approved varies from country … Sunscreen