How phenylalanine works For the body to function, it needs proteins. They build up the muscles, for example, but are also found in every cell of the body, where they transport substances, regulate chemical reactions and form docking sites (receptors) for a large number of messenger substances. The building blocks of proteins are the so-called … Phenylalanine: Effects, Uses, Side Effects
Symptoms In cystic fibrosis (CF, cystic fibrosis), different organ systems are affected, resulting in a heterogeneous clinical picture with symptoms of varying severity: Lower respiratory tract: Chronic cough with viscous mucus formation, obstruction, recurrent infectious diseases, e.g., with , inflammation, remodeling of the lungs (fibrosis), pneumothorax, respiratory insufficiency, shortness of breath, wheezing, oxygen deficiency. Upper … Cystic Fibrosis: Causes and Treatment
Products Lisinopril is commercially available in tablet form as a monopreparation (Zestril, generic) and as a fixed combination with hydrochlorothiazide (Zestoretic, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1989. Structure and properties Lisinopril (C21H31N3O5, Mr = 405.49 g/mol) is present in drugs as lisinopril dihydrate, a white crystalline powder that is soluble in … Lisinopril: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Pegvaliase was approved in the United States in 2018 as an injectable (Palynziq). The drug is not yet registered in many countries. Structure and properties Pegvaliase is a phenylalanine-metabolizing enzyme consisting of recombinant phenylalanine ammonia lyase conjugated to -hydroxysuccinimide methoxy polyethylene glycol. The gene of the enzyme is derived from cyanobacterium . According to … Pegvaliase
Products Glinides are commercially available in tablet form. Repaglinide (NovoNorm, USA: 1997) was the first to be approved in many countries in 1999, and nateglinide (Starlix) was approved a year later in 2000. Structure and properties The glinides differ structurally from the sulfonylureas. They are also referred to as meglitinide analogs. Repaglinide is a carbamoylmethylbenzoic … Glinides (Meglitinides): Diabetes Drugs
Products Glyphosate was developed by Monsanto in the 1970s (Roundup) and is the world’s best-selling herbicide, with production volumes in the hundreds of thousands of tons. There are also numerous products on the market in many countries. Structure and properties Glyphosate or -(phosphonomethyl)glycine (C3H8NO5P, Mr = 169.1 g/mol) is an -phosphonomethyl derivative of the amino … Glyphosate
Products Nateglinide is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Starlix, Starlix mite). It has been approved in many countries since 2000. Structure and properties Nateglinide (C19H27NO3, Mr = 317.42 g/mol) is a cyclohexane derivative of the amino acid phenylalanine. It is a white powder that is practically insoluble in water. Effects Nateglinide (ATC … Nateglinide
Products Aspartame is found in numerous products. It is available as a pure substance in specialized stores. Aspartame was accidentally discovered by James M. Schlatter at Searle in 1965. Structure and properties Aspartame (C14H18N2O5, Mr = 294.3 g/mol) exists as a white, crystalline, odorless, and slightly hygroscopic powder that is sparingly soluble in water (10 … Aspartame
Phenylalanine is a proteinogenic essential amino acid with an aromatic six-membered ring that functions as a building block of many proteins and peptides. In addition, phenylalanine plays an important role in nitrogen metabolism and can be converted in the liver to tyrosine, another proteinogenic amino acid. Phenylalanine and tyrosine play important roles in the synthesis … Phenylalanine: Function & Diseases
Products Some preparations containing amino acids are approved as medicinal products. These include, for example, methionine tablets or infusion preparations for parenteral nutrition. Amino acids are also marketed as dietary supplements, such as lysine, arginine, glutamine, and cysteine tablets. Protein powders such as whey protein can also be counted as amino acid supplements. Amino acids … Amino Acids
Amino acids are vital substances without which our metabolism could not assemble proteins. In addition, they have other indispensable tasks, for example in the nervous system, in liver metabolism, in growth or in the formation of skin, hair and nails. Some amino acids can be produced by the human organism itself, while others must be … Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders
Products Alkaloids and their derivatives are contained as active ingredients in numerous medicines. They have been used medicinally for thousands of years, such as opium with morphine or coca leaves with cocaine. In 1805, a pure alkaloid was extracted for the first time by the German pharmacist Friedrich Sertürner with morphine. Structure and properties Alkaloids … Alkaloids
