The following symptoms and complaints may indicate bacterial meningitis (bacterial meningitis): Leading symptoms Severe headache (> 5 on the visual analog scale (VAS); approximately 90% of cases). Septic fever (> 38.5 °C; 50-90% of cases) Meningismus (painful neck stiffness) (about 80% of cases; need not occur in children, unlike adults) [late symptom]. Impaired consciousness ranging … Bacterial Meningitis: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Therapeutic targets Symptom relief Preservation and improvement of the quality of life Prolongation of survival time Therapy recommendations Therapy of low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. In the presence of low-grade cytopenia (decrease in cell count) and depending on age and comorbidities (concomitant diseases), it is sufficient to initially observe or wait (“watch and wait”) in these patients. … Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Drug Therapy
Pathogenesis (development of disease) Bacterial meningitis is usually transmitted by droplet infection. Approximately 2.5 cases of the disease occur per 100,000 population annually. Most are infections caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae (so-called pneumococci), Neisseria meningitidis (so-called meningococci; a good two-thirds of all cases by serogroup B, about a quarter of all cases by serogroup … Bacterial Meningitis: Causes
Mandatory medical device diagnostics. Abdominal ultrasonography (ultrasound examination of abdominal organs) – asking for the presence of splenomegaly (splenomegaly) and hepatomegaly (liver enlargement).
General measures Patients with meningococcal meningitis must be isolated until 25 hours after initiation of therapy. Observance of general hygiene measures! Review of permanent medication due topossible effect on the existing disease. Intensive care monitoring Individuals with bacterial meningitis must be monitored in an intensive care unit to control and, if necessary, immediately regulate all … Bacterial Meningitis: Therapy
To prevent myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Environmental exposures – Intoxications (poisonings). Long-term exposure (10-20 years) to toxic (poisonous) substances such as benzenes and also certain solvents – particularly affected are gas station attendants, painters and varnishers, and also airport attendants (kerosene).
Disorders of consciousness (synonyms: Drowsiness; Unconsciousness; Clouding of consciousness; Coma; Coma cardiale; Coma cerebrale; Coma hypercapnicum; Coma prolonge; Irritable syndrome of the mesodiencephalon; Coma; Coma-like disorder; Comatose state; Precoma; Drowsiness; Somnolence; Sopor; Stupor; Cerebral coma; ICD-10 R40.-: Somnolence, Sopor and Coma) refer to changes in ordinary everyday or normal consciousness. One can distinguish quantitative from … Disorders of Consciousness: Somnolence, Sopor and Coma
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS): Symptoms due to cytopenia (decrease in the number of cells in the blood) (80%). Anemia symptoms (70-80%). Exertional dyspnea (shortness of breath during exertion). Exercise tachycardia (rapid heartbeat under stress). Paleness of the skin and mucous membranes Headache Tiredness and fatigue Dizziness Decreased physical and … Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of disorders of consciousness* . Family History Are there any disorders in your family that are common? Social history Is there any evidence of psychosocial stress or strain due to your family situation? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints) [third-party history, … Disorders of Consciousness: Somnolence, Sopor and Coma: Medical History
Pathogenesis (disease development) Myelodysplastic syndrome disorders are clonal disorders of hematopoiesis (blood formation), meaning that there are qualitative and quantitative changes in hematopoiesis as well as peripheral cytopenia (decreased number of cells in the blood). The defect is in the pluripotent stem cell (stem cells that can differentiate into any cell type of an organism) … Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Causes
Conditions that may cause disorders of consciousness: Respiratory System (J00-J99) Coma hypercapnium – coma caused by a marked increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood. Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Addison’s crisis – decompensated Addison’s disease; this describes primary adrenocortical insufficiency resulting in, among other things, failure of cortisol production. Coma … Disorders of Consciousness: Somnolence, Sopor and Coma: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
Supportive therapy Supportive therapy refers to measures that are used in a supportive manner. They are not intended to cure the disease, but to accelerate the healing process and alleviate symptoms. If there is a deficiency of erythrocytes (red blood cells) or platelets (thrombocytes) in the peripheral blood, blood transfusions may be considered: Transfusion of … Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Therapy
