Products Benzodiazepines are commercially available in the form of tablets, melting tablets, capsules, drops, and injectables, among others (selection). Chlordiazepoxide (Librium), the first benzodiazepine, was synthesized in the 1950s by Leo Sternbach at Hoffmann-La Roche and was launched in 1960. The second active ingredient, the well-known diazepam (Valium), was launched in 1962. Numerous other drugs … Benzodiazepines Effects and Side Effects
Flumazenil is an imidazole derivative of the benzodiazepines and acts as an antidote (antidote) in benzodiazepine overdose. It cancels all effects of the benzodiazepines used in anesthetics or sleeping pills for sedation. Flumazenil also reverses the influences of other non-benzodiazepines that react by the same mechanism. What is flumazenil? Flumazenil cancels all the effects of … Flumazenil: Effects, Uses & Risks
Products Gammahydroxybutyrate is commercially available as an oral solution (Xyrem). It has been approved in many countries since 2006. The drug belongs to narcotics and requires an aggravated prescription. GHB is also known to be manufactured and trafficked illegally. Structure and properties The free γ-hydroxybutyric acid (C4H8O3, Mr = 104.1 g/mol) is a colorless and … Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
Products Codeine is available alone or in combination with other active ingredients in the form of tablets, effervescent tablets, capsules, dragées, syrups, drops, bronchial pastilles, and as suppositories. It is also combined fixedly with acetaminophen for the treatment of pain (see under codeine acetaminophen). Structure and properties Codeine (C18H21NO3, Mr = 299.36 g/mol) is -methylated … Codeine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Tablet addiction is often not easy to recognize. That’s why it’s important for doctors, family members and friends to look closely. Below, you can learn what clues to tablet addiction may look like. Beware of self-medication! Even minor ailments should not be self-medicated in the long run: Nasal sprays are not addictive, but they alter … Tablet Addiction: Look Closely
Whether a drug helps or harms is primarily a question of dosage. What is helpful in the amount prescribed by the doctor can cause considerable harm in excess – and become addictive in the long term. According to the German Federal Ministry of Health, around 1.5 million Germans have already crossed the threshold into drug … Tablet Addiction: Swallowing Pills Instead of Solving Problems
Products Ketotifen is commercially available in tablet form and as eye drops (Zaditen, Zabak). It has been approved in many countries since 1977. See also under ketotifen eye drops. Structure and properties Ketotifen (C19H19NOS, Mr = 309.43 g/mol) is a tricyclic benzocycloheptathiophene derivative structurally related to pizotifen (Mosegor, out of commerce). It is present in … Ketotifen
Products Methadone is commercially available as tablets, injectable solution, and oral solution (e.g., Ketalgin, Methadone Streuli). Methadone solutions are also prepared in pharmacies as extemporaneous preparations. Structure and properties Methadone (C21H27NO, Mr = 309.45 g/mol) is a synthetically prepared derivative of pethidine, which is itself a derivative of atropine. It is chiral and exists as … Methadone
Products Methaqualone was launched in the 1960s and is now off the market in many countries. Toquilone compositum (fixed combination with diphenhydramine) was withdrawn from the market in late 2005. Methaqualone is now one of the more tightly controlled narcotics (schedule a). Structure and properties Methaqualone (C16H14N2O, Mr = 250.3 g/mol) is a quinazoline derivative. … Methaqualone
Products Sleeping pills are most commonly taken in the form of tablets (“sleeping pills“). In addition, melting tablets, injectables, drops, teas and tinctures are also available, among others. The technical term hypnotics is derived from Hypnos, the Greek god of sleep. Structure and properties Within the sleeping pills, groups can be identified which have a … Sleeping Pills: Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Noscapine is commercially available in the form of lozenges, capsules, drops, as a syrup, and as suppositories. Except for Tussanil N, the drugs are combination products. Structure and properties The phthalideisoquinoline noscapine (C22H23NO7, Mr = 413.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as a free base or as noscapine hydrochloride monohydrate. Noscapine is a white … Noscapine
Definition When two or more drugs are combined, they may affect each other. This is especially true with regard to their pharmacokinetics (ADME) and effects and adverse effects (pharmacodynamics). This phenomenon is called interaction and drug-drug interaction. Interactions are usually undesirable because they can lead to, for example, loss of efficacy, side effects, poisoning, hospitalization, … Interactions
