1. symptom treatment Beta2-sympathomimetics are derived from epinephrine. They selectively stimulate the adrenergic β2-receptors of bronchial muscles and thus have a bronchospasmolytic effect. For rapid symptom relief, fast-acting agents are usually administered by inhalation, for example, with a metered-dose inhaler or a powder inhaler. They should be used only when needed. An increase in administration … Antiasthmatics
Products Beta2-sympathomimetics are usually commercially available as inhalation preparations (powders, solutions) administered with an inhaler, for example, metered-dose inhaler, diskus, Respimat, Breezhaler, or Ellipta. There are few drugs on the market that can be given perorally. Structure and properties Beta2-sympathomimetics are structurally related to the natural ligands epinephrine and norepinephrine. They may exist as racemates … Beta2-Sympathomimetics
Products Sympathomimetics are commercially available, for example, in the form of tablets, capsules, granules, injectable solutions, eye drops, and nasal sprays. Structure and properties Sympathomimetics are structurally derived from the natural neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine. Effects Sympathomimetics have sympathomimetic properties, meaning that they promote the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, a portion of the … Sympathomimetics
Symptoms Possible symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include a chronic cough, mucus production, sputum, shortness of breath, chest tightness, breath sounds, lack of energy, and sleep disturbances. The symptoms often worsen with physical exertion. An acute worsening of chronic symptoms is referred to as an exacerbation. In addition, numerous systemic and extrapulmonary concomitant … Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Products Bambuterol is commercially available in the form of tablets (Bambec). The drug is not registered in many countries. Structure and properties Bambuterol (C18H29N3O5, Mr = 367.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as bambuterol hydrochloride. It is a prodrug of terbutaline. Effects Bambuterol (ATC R03CC12) is bronchodilator. Its effects are due to stimulation of adrenergic … Bambuterol
Definition Medication overuse involves using self-purchased or physician-prescribed medications for too long, too much, or too frequently. The duration of therapy prescribed by a healthcare professional or by the professional and patient information is exceeded, the maximum single or daily dose is too high because of a dose increase, or the dosing interval is too … Medication Overuse
Products Doping agents include approved drugs, legal and illegal intoxicants, experimental agents, and illegally manufactured and trafficked substances. Doping includes non-drug doping methods, such as blood doping, in addition to drugs. Effects Doping agents differ in their pharmacological activities. Stimulants, for example, stimulate and thus increase alertness and aggressiveness for competition. In contrast, beta-blockers provide … Doping in Competitive Sports
Symptoms The most common symptoms include cramping or dull abdominal pain. In addition, numerous other symptoms may occur, such as headache, menstrual migraine, back pain, pain in the legs, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, dizziness, flushing of the skin, flushing, sleep disturbances, mood swings, depression, irritability, and nervousness. The symptoms first appear … Menstrual Cramps
Products Terbutaline is commercially available as a turbuhaler and has been approved in many countries since 1987 (Bricanyl). The syrup is out of commerce. Other dosage forms are available in other countries (e.g., tablets, solution for injection). Structure and properties Terbutaline (C12H19NO3, Mr = 225.3 g/mol) is present in drugs as terbutaline sulfate, a white … Terbutaline
Symptoms Urinary incontinence manifests as involuntary leakage of urine. The common problem poses a psychosocial challenge for those affected, which can lead to changes in personal activities and a loss of quality of life. Risk factors include female gender, age, obesity, and numerous medical conditions. Causes Urinary incontinence can occur as a result of pathologic, … Urinary Incontinence: Causes and Treatment
What is an asthma inhaler? The asthma inhaler is a form of drug therapy that can be very effective in treating asthma. It is taken as a spray (also called aerosol) from a small can. You must inhale slowly and press the spray button at the same time. The drugs in the spray are various … Asthma inhaler – You should pay attention to this!
Which asthma sprays are available without a prescription? Depending on their exact mechanism of action and the possible side effects, some asthma sprays are available without a prescription. However, it is strongly recommended that if you suspect that you have asthma, you should first consult a doctor to discuss the diagnosis and any necessary therapy. … Which asthma sprays are available without a prescription? | Asthma inhaler – You should pay attention to this!
