2nd order laboratory parameters – depending on the results of the history, physical examination and obligatory laboratory parameters – for differential diagnostic clarification.
- Small blood count
- Differential blood count
- Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate).
- Electrolytes – calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium.
- Fasting glucose (fasting blood glucose), if necessary oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT).
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid parameters – TSH
- Liver parameters – alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT, GGT), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin.
- Renal parameters – urea, creatinine, cystatin C or creatinine clearance, if necessary.
- Infectious serological examinations – if necessary syphilisserology in case of corresponding suspicion.
- Coeruloplasmin, total copper, free copper, copper in urine – if Wilson’s disease is suspected.
- Blood gas analysis (BGA) – to detect carbon dioxide retention in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- CSF puncture (collection of cerebrospinal fluid by puncture of the spinal canal) for CSF diagnosis – in suspected multiple sclerosis (MS).