Products
Tyrothricin is commercially available in combination with disinfectants and local anesthetics in the form of lozenges, oral sprays, and as an irrigation solution. The antibiotic was discovered in the late 1930s by René J. Dubos in New York at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.
Structure and properties
Tyrothricin is a mixture of antimicrobially active linear and cyclic polypeptides isolated from Dubos’ fermentation medium. The mixture consists mainly of gramicidins and tyrocidins. Related components may be present in smaller proportions. The figure shows tyrocidin A. Tyrothricin is present as a white powder that is practically insoluble in water.
Effects
Tyrothricin (ATC D06AX08) has bactericidal properties against Gram-positive bacteria. It acts locally and is not absorbed in the digestive tract. The effects are due to disruption of the cell membrane and its permeability. Gramicidins form cation-conducting ion channels in the cell membrane. It should be noted that sore throats are often caused by viruses in the context of a cold. Use of antibiotics to treat viral infections is not indicated. Streptococcal angina is treated with systemic antibiotics. Therefore, the use of topical antibiotics in sore throat tablets is controversial.
Indications
In combination with other agents to treat inflammation, infection, or pain of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa, for example, sore throat.
Dosage
According to the professional information. The medicines are used several times a day.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Interactions
Drug-drug interactions are not known.
Adverse effects
Possible adverse effects include local and allergic reactions. Application of tyrothricin to fresh wounds may cause bleeding. It should not be applied parenterally because it may cause liver and kidney damage.
