Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, and obligatory laboratory parameters – for differential diagnostic clarification.
- Abdominal ultrasonography (ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs) with a high-resolution transducer (> 7.5 MHz) – for examination or detection of the nonpalpable testis in the inguinal canal or abdomen and exclusion of further malformations
- Magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen (abdominal MRI) – for examination or detection of the nonpalpable testis in the inguinal canal or abdomen and exclusion of other malformations; in obese patients for localization.
Note!Since the sensitivity of abdominal ultrasonography and abdominal MRI (percentage of diseased patients in whom the disease is detected by the use of the procedures, i.e., a positive finding occurs) is not higher than 85%, diagnostic laparoscopy (abdominal endoscopy) is now the preferred method of testicular localization in the case of nonpalpable testis. In addition to assessing the morphology of the gonads and spermatic cord structures (DSD; hernia uteri masculina, persistent Müller structures), this also permits evaluation of any testicular-adnexal dissociation while allowing a therapeutic approach.
