Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics to assess the structure and function of organs. In contrast to X-rays or computed tomography (CT), it does not use ionizing (radioactive) radiation, but instead uses the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance. According to the current state of research, the MRI is therefore completely harmless. The duration of an MRI examination is usually about 20 minutes.
Benefits of an MRT examination for breast cancer
In comparison to classical breast cancer (mamma carcinoma) diagnostics, i.e. mammography and sonography, the rate of actually detected cases of breast cancer using an MRI is significantly higher. In particular, so-called DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) are often not detectable in an X-ray or sonography. For this reason, many doctors have long been calling for the comprehensive inclusion of MRI of the female breast in breast cancer screening.
MRI is also used to diagnose breast cancer in men Nevertheless, the benefit of magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer is controversial for various reasons. Various studies have investigated the benefit of breast MRI in high-risk patients, but found no evidence that high-risk patients in whom a tumor was detected by MRI live longer or have a lower recurrence rate. Moreover, microcalcifications are much more visible in mammography.
Contrast medium MRT for breast cancer
As with other imaging procedures, contrast media are often used to improve the representation of certain structures in the MRI in order to be able to see breast cancer safely. In the case of breast cancer diagnostics, gadolinium is used for this purpose, which is injected via a venous catheter in the last third of the MRI procedure. Malignant tumors absorb the contrast agent much faster than healthy breast gland tissue in the following minutes and can thus be easily distinguished from the surrounding healthy tissue.
Very rarely, the administration of contrast medium can lead to allergic reactions. These manifest themselves mainly in skin rashes or itching. In general, however, MRI contrast media are much better tolerated than contrast media containing iodine, as used in X-rays.
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