At-risk groups for vitamin D deficiency include individuals with
- Maldigestion and malabsorption, for example, due to chronic intestinal disease.
- Liver cirrhosis
- Renal failure
- Taking antiepileptic drugs as well as barbiturates.
- Insufficient UV-B exposure (winter months, people who are bedridden for long periods of time or spend little time outdoors or have a lack of sunlight or use sunscreen extensively)
- Women with postmenopausal osteoporosis
- Pregnant and breastfeeding women
- Older women respectively men (>= 65 years)
- Immigrants of color
- Vegetarians
Note on the state of supply (National Consumption Study II 2008).
82% of men and 91% of women do not reach the recommended daily intake.Particularly affected are young men and women (14-18 years) and seniors (> 65 years).
