The term neural tube defect refers to malformations of the central nervous system that result from inadequate closure of the neural tube. This is the first (tubular) attachment of the nervous system in the embryo, from which the brain and spinal cord develop. Towards the end of the first week of pregnancy, the neural tube closes. If this process is not complete, parts of the nervous system may remain undeveloped in the unborn child and serious disorders may occur in the development of the brain, spinal cord and spinal column. In Germany, the risk of giving birth to a child with a neural tube defect is about 1 in 1000.
Spina bifida
Spina bifida, or “open back,” is one of the two main types of neural tube defects. In this case, part of the spinal column is open. Depending on the size of the opening and the location and extent of the damage, early surgery can minimize later disabilities in the child.
Anencephaly
In this form of neural tube defect, the skull and brain do not form properly. Babies with anencephaly are either stillborn or die shortly after birth.
Cause folic acid deficiency
To prevent malformations and also miscarriages, an adequate supply of folic acid, a B-group vitamin, is recommended, especially before pregnancy. Of course, however, folic acid deficiency should not occur during pregnancy either.
