The following symptoms and complaints may indicate whiplash:
Grade 1
- Cephalgia (headache)
- Neck pain
- Forced posture due to pain
- Vertigo (dizziness)
- Nausea (nausea)/vomiting
- Myogelosis (nodular or bulging, clearly circumscribed hardening in the muscles; colloquially referred to as hard tension)
- Insomnia (sleep disorders)
- Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
- Complaint-free interval > 1 hour immediately after injury (usually symptoms do not peak until one to three days later)
Grade 2
- Cephalgia (headache)
- Neck pain
- Forced posture due to pain
- Vertigo (dizziness)
- Nausea (nausea)/vomiting
- Myogelosis (nodular or bulging, clearly circumscribed hardening in the muscles; colloquially referred to as hard tension)
- Insomnia (sleep disorders)
- Complaint-free interval < 1 hour
Grade 3
- Cephalgia (headache)
- Neck pain
- Forced posture due to pain
- Vertigo (dizziness)
- Nausea, vomiting
- Myogelosis (nodular or bulging, clearly circumscribed hardening in the muscles; colloquially known as hard tension).
- Insomnia (sleep disorders)
- Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
- Visual disturbances
- Paresthesias (false sensations) in the arms/hands and/or head.
- Vigilance disorders (disorders of consciousness in which sustained attention (vigilance) is impaired).
- Gait unsteadiness
- No symptom-free interval