Synonyms
Onychia, paronychia, panaritium, nail bed inflammationThe nail bed represents an anatomical structure that is located directly under the finger and toe nail. Within this tissue, mainly bacterial pathogens and fungi can lead to the development of inflammatory processes (inflammation of the nail bed). In most cases, an inflammation in this area is not limited to the nail bed, but spreads to the surrounding nail region (especially in the nail fold, nail wall and cuticle).
For this reason, the areas affected by inflammation of the nail bed are often not clearly delineated in clinical practice and exhibit smooth transitions. As a rule, the pathogens relevant for the development of an inflammation of the nail bed reach the nail bed via the smallest wounds in the area of the cuticle, the nail fold or the nail wall. Such wounds can already be caused during daily nail care.
Immediately below the finger or toe nail, these bacterial pathogens find an ideal habitat, can multiply undisturbed and cause inflammatory processes. Among the pathogens relevant for the development of an inflammation of the nail bed, staphylococci are the most common. In addition, herpes viruses and fungi can cause inflammation in the area of the nail bed.
In addition to the acute forms of nail bed inflammation, inflammatory processes can also occur chronically in some of the affected patients. In everyday clinical practice, it can be observed that women in particular tend to develop inflammation in the nail bed. The reason for this is the frequent use of nail scissors, arrows and caustic nail polish remover.
In addition, people who have very dry skin or are prone to atopic eczema (synonym: neurodermatitis) are considered particularly at risk of developing an inflammation of the nail bed. This increased risk for the development of inflammatory processes in the area of the nail bed also applies to patients suffering from diabetes mellitus and therefore have dry and/or cracked skin. Furthermore, people with chronic circulatory disorders or a weakened immune system are often affected by nail bed inflammation.