Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Diabetes mellitus (diabetes).
- Hyperuricemia (high uric acid level in the blood).
Liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts – Pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).
- Liver disease, unspecified (hepatic acid production increases).
Musculoskeletal system (M00-M99).
- Gout (arthritis urica/uric acid-related joint inflammation or tophic gout)/hyperuricemia (elevation of uric acid levels in the blood).
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99).
- Chronic renal failure in elderly patients:
- Renal plasma flow decreases by circa 10% per decade
- Decrease in creatinine clearance
- Increasing tubular acidosis due to decrease in regeneration of the main buffering substance bicarbonate (HCO3) in the upper tubule section (proximal tubule).
- Exhaustion of the renal increase possibility of ammonium production and excretion under persistent acid load.
Further
- Latent micronutrient deficiencies (vital substances), which can lead to a limitation of enzyme capacity and thus to an increase in cellular acids.
- Physiological decrease in the functional reserve capacity of the kidney – beginning approximately from the age of 40 – for the excretion of acid equivalents, which means that the kidney increasingly loses the ability to act regulatively by excreting acid equivalents in the event of acidosis
