Definition Thiols are organic compounds with the general structure R-SH. They are sulfur analogs of alcohols (R-OH). R can be aliphatic or aromatic. The simplest aliphatic representative is methanethiol, the simplest aromatic is thiophenol (analogue of phenol). Thiols are formally derived from hydrogen sulfide (H2S), in which a hydrogen atom has been replaced by a … Thiols
Definition Amines are organic molecules containing nitrogen (N) atoms bonded to carbon or hydrogen atoms. They are formally derived from ammonia, in which hydrogen atoms have been replaced by carbon atoms. Primary amines: 1 carbon atom Secondary amines: 2 carbon atoms Tertiary amines: 3 carbon atoms The functional group is called the amino group, for … Amines
Definition Phenols are organic compounds consisting of aromatics bearing one or more hydroxyl groups (Ar-OH). The simplest representative is phenol: this in contrast to alcohols, which are bonded to an aliphatic radical. For example, benzyl alcohol is an alcohol and not a phenol. Nomenclature The names of phenols are formed with the suffix –phenol, e.g., … Phenols
Definition Alkenes are organic compounds which contain double bonds between carbon atoms (C=C). Alkenes are hydrocarbons, meaning that they consist exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms. They are also called unsaturated compounds. This is in contrast to the saturated ones, which contain only single bonds (C-C). Alkenes can be linear (acyclic) or cyclic. Cycloalkenes are, … Alkenes
Products Numerous active ingredients and pharmaceutical excipients are present in drugs as salts. They are also present in dietary supplements, in foods, medical devices and cosmetics. Various salts are available as open goods in pharmacies and drugstores. Structure Salts consist of positively and negatively charged atoms or compounds, that is, cations and anions. Together they … Salts
Definition Ethers are organic molecules with the general structure R1-O-R2, where R1 and R2 are identical for symmetrical ethers. The radicals can be aliphatic or aromatic. Cyclic ethers exist, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF). Ethers can be prepared using, for example, Williamson’s synthesis: R1-X + R2-O–Na+ R1-O-R2 + NaX X stands for halogens Nomenclature Trivial names … Ether
