EHRA classification* of symptoms in atrial fibrillation (ESC 2010* * ).
| Stage | Symptoms |
| EHRA 1 | No symptoms, asymptomatic atrial fibrillation |
| EHRA 2 | Mild symptomatology only,no effect on activities of daily living |
| EHRA 3 | Pronounced symptomatology,affecting activities of daily living. |
| EHRA 4 | Symptomatology invalidating,daily activities not possible |
* European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)* * European Society of Cardiology, ESC.
“4S-AF scheme” for structured characterization of atrial fibrillation [Guidelines: ESC Guidelines 2020].
| S-domains | Explanation |
| Stroke risk | Determination of stroke risk by risk score (CHA2DS2-VASc; see “Drug therapy” below). |
| Symptom severity | Determination of symptom severity using EHRA scores (see above). |
| Severity of AF burden | “Arrhythmia burden” per time that can be estimated on the basis of time pattern and termination (paroxysmal, persistent, permanent) or documented by means of monitoring |
| Substrate severity | Functional, structural, or anatomic basis of arrhythmia, the severity of which can be assessed by atrial changes such as atrial enlargement or fibrosis, among others. |
