General information
Biting, chewing, speaking, for us everyday things that we do not consciously perceive. But all this would not be possible without our jaw joint, our jaw joint is in constant use. But even at night, when we do not notice it, we move our jaws. But how is this multifunctional joint constructed and what happens if it suddenly becomes inflamed?
Inflammations in the temporomandibular joint
In addition to the jaw joint, humans have many other joints in the body, such as the shoulder joint, the hip joint or the finger joints, which all have to cope with many tasks every day. In general, an inflammation of the joint is called arthritis. The most common type of arthritis is rheumatoid arthritis, also known as rheumatism.
The reasons for such an inflammation can be different. For example, the inflammation can be caused by bacteria, by overloading the joint and wear and tear, by an autoimmune disease or even by gout. If only the joint capsule is inflamed, this is called capsulitis.
An inflammation of the temporomandibular joint is first and foremost manifested by pain. This can occur in phases, but can also be permanent, especially if the inflammation is more advanced. It can get worse during movements, such as yawning or when speaking or eating.
The mouth opening can also be affected. In addition, the inflammation can also manifest itself through a general feeling of illness with a slight fever. In addition to the pain, an inflammation in the temporomandibular joint is sometimes noticeable by noises.
This is also the difference to a “simple” painfulness of a joint (arthralgia). The noises arise during movements and sound like a cracking or rubbing sound. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), the diagnostic method of choice for temporomandibular joint problems, reveals erosions of bony structures.
The bone begins to change. Thus, sclerosis becomes apparent at the condyle and the articulated tubercle. The tissue becomes thicker as the bone substance increases.
Fluid also accumulates (effusion). The structures located near the joint surface are increasingly attacked and destroyed over time. The proteins that are produced from damaged cartilage, connective tissue or bone attack the healthy structures (bone, capsule, etc.). If the arthritis is not treated and the incorrect load persists, the pain becomes worse and worse and the inflammation spreads. There is a risk of permanent damage, such as arthrosis.