The cerebral cortex refers to the outermost layer of the human cerebrum. The term derives from the Latin cortex (bark) cerebri (brain) and is often abbreviated as cortex. What is the cerebral cortex? The human cerebrum comprises about 85 percent of the total brain mass and is the youngest part of the brain in evolutionary … Cerebral Cortex: Structure, Function & Diseases
Broca’s area is an anatomical functional unit of the human brain. Even the smallest lesions of this cerebral cortical area result in measurable performance deficits or cognitive deficits. What is Broca’s area? Broca’s area was named after a French anthropologist and neurosurgeon. Paul Broca was born in 1824 and died in Paris in 1880. It … Brocas Area: Structure, Function & Diseases
Brodmann areas are a division of the human cerebral cortex based on cellular architecture. Areas with the same cellular structure form a Brodmann area. The brain is divided into 52 Brodmann areas. What is a Brodmann area? The brain of all living things appears as a monotonous and fatty mass, therefore white in color. Although … Brodmanns Area: Structure, Function & Diseases
The thalamus is a part of the diencephalon. It is composed of different nucleus areas. What is the thalamus The dorsal thalamus represents a component of the diencephalon. Other subregions include the hypothalamus including the pituitary gland, the subthalamus, and the epithalamus including the pineal gland. The thalamus exists once in each brain hemisphere. It … Thalamus: Structure, Function & Diseases
Protopathic sensitivity is the term used to describe gross perception as a sensory quality of the skin that detects threats to the vital sphere. In addition to pain and temperature, humans thus perceive mechanical stimuli that travel to the central nervous system via the tractus spinothalamicus. Associated complaints often derive from multiple sclerosis. What is … Protopathic Sensitivity: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
Reactive movements are motor responses to physical and mental stimuli that are distinct from spontaneous movements. Essentially, reactive movements are based on the stretch-shortening cycle that occurs when muscles are actively lengthened. Reactive force is subject to disturbances in neurogenic lesions of the extrapyramidal system. What are reactive movements? Reactive movements usually correspond to rapid … Reactive Movements: Function, Task & Diseases
Synonyms in the broadest sense Telencephalon, cerebrum, endbrain. Introduction The cerebrum with its enormous mass grows in humans the diencephalon, parts of the brain stem and cerebellum. As a total product, amazing abilities such as logical thinking, the own consciousness, emotions, memory and various learning processes develop. Also of highly practical importance are precise movements … Cerebrum
Smell bark At the base of the frontal lobe there are also phylogenetic components (olfactory cortex, paleocortex and archicortex), which are dedicated to the sense of smell (olfactory sense). Presumably, the olfactory sensations come into consciousness in the so-called “primary olfactory cortex” (prepiriform cortex, which is also located to a lesser extent in the temporal … Smell bark | Cerebrum
Auditory cortex In the occipital lobe, the tremendously complex sense of sight (visual sense) is cortically represented. The visual pathway starts at the sensory cells of the retina and runs as the II cranial nerve (optic nerve) via several intermediate stations to the primary visual cortex (visual cortex). This represents, in the simple representation of … Auditory cortex | Cerebrum
Limbic system If a knife is inserted into the interhemispheric fissure (fissura longitudinalis cerebri) and cut in the direction of the brain stem (median section), numerous structures are visible which are attributed to the limbic system (limbic). It deals with emotions as well as with instinctive and intellectual behavior. Rather primitive achievements such as affective … Limbic system | Cerebrum
Basal Ganglia Finally, we now cut the cerebrum not with the length of the interhemispheric cleft, but rather in the middle of it transversely parallel to the forehead (frontal cut). In this incision, too, it is noticeable that some grey matter is embedded in the white matter of the cerebrum, which therefore does not belong … Basal Ganglia | Cerebrum
Common diseases Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, as well as strokes, headaches, epilepsy and brain tumors occur comparatively frequently. In our modern society, depressions, psychoses such as schizophrenia and addictions are on the rise. Other diseases or consequences of diseases of the cerebrum are Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Amyothrophic lateral sclerosis … Common diseases | Cerebrum
