Diffuse Esophageal Spasm

Symptoms Diffuse esophageal spasm manifests as seizure-like pain behind the breastbone (chest pain) and difficulty swallowing. The pain may radiate to the arms and jaw, similar to angina. Other possible symptoms include shortness of breath, cramping and burning. The duration of attacks varies, ranging from seconds to minutes. They are often triggered by food intake, … Diffuse Esophageal Spasm

History of Sugar

The preference for sweet is laid to humans in the cradle: Even mother’s milk tastes sweet. And the tongue has its own area that tastes the sweet. In the past… While today industrially produced sugar is available at any time, sweet was once an expensive rarity. In ancient times, honey was considered the sweet food … History of Sugar

What is the Oath of Hippocrates?

“I swear by Apollo the physician, and by Asclepius, Hygieia, and Panakeia, and invoking all the gods and goddesses as witnesses, that to the best of my ability and according to my judgment I will fulfill this oath and this contract.” Thus the first lines of the Hippocratic Oath, considered the foundation of medical ethics. … What is the Oath of Hippocrates?