Active ingredients Nonsteroidal estrogen antagonists (SERMs). Tamoxifen (Nolvadex, generic). Toremifene (Fareston, off label). Clomiphene (Serophene, out of trade). Steroids: Fulvestrant (Faslodex) Indications Mammary carcinoma (breast cancer) Ovarian stimulation
Products Clomiphene was commercially available in tablet form (Serophene, Clomid). It was approved in many countries since 1967 and is currently no longer available. Drugs containing the active ingredient can be imported from abroad. Structure and properties Clomiphene (C26H28ClNO, Mr = 405.95 g/mol) is a nonsteroidal triphenylethylene derivative that exists as an unequal mixture of … Citalopram: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Bazedoxifene is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Conbriza). It has been approved in many countries since 2010. In 2015, a fixed combination with conjugated estrogens was registered (Duavive). This article refers to monotherapy. Structure and properties Bazedoxifene (C30H34N2O3, Mr = 470.60 g/mol) is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator developed from … Bazedoxifene
Products Phytoestrogens are commercially available as dietary supplements, for example, in the form of capsules and tablets. They are found in various plants for example in nuts, seeds, fruits and vegetables. A typical example is soy. Structure and properties Phytoestrogens are a structurally disparate group of phytonutrients that resemble estrogens (estradiol) but do not have … Phytoestrogens
Products Tamoxifen is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Nolvadex, generic). It was synthesized in 1962 and tested as a contraceptive (“morning-after pill”) but was not suitable for this purpose. It was first used as a breast cancer drug in the early 1970s. It has been approved in many countries since 1976. Structure … Tamoxifen (Nolvadex): Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Symptoms Nighttime calf cramps are painful and involuntary muscle contractions of the legs that often occur in the calves and feet. They last only a few minutes but can continue to cause discomfort for hours. They are particularly common in older people over 60 years of age. They are benign complaints. The most important complication … Nocturnal Calf Cramps
Products Red clover is commercially available in the form of capsules, tablets, as a tea and medicinal drug (Trifolii rubri flos), among others. It is mainly marketed as a food supplement. Stem plant Red clover belongs to the legume family (Fabaceae). The herb is found in many meadows and fields in this country and is … Red Clover
Products Doping agents include approved drugs, legal and illegal intoxicants, experimental agents, and illegally manufactured and trafficked substances. Doping includes non-drug doping methods, such as blood doping, in addition to drugs. Effects Doping agents differ in their pharmacological activities. Stimulants, for example, stimulate and thus increase alertness and aggressiveness for competition. In contrast, beta-blockers provide … Doping in Competitive Sports
Products Raloxifene is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Evista). It has been approved in many countries since 2000. Structure and properties Raloxifene (C28H27NO4S, Mr = 473.6 g/mol) is present in the drug as raloxifene hydrochloride, a benzothiophene and white to yellowish powder that is sparingly soluble in water. Effects Raloxifene (ATC G03XC01) … Raloxifene
Symptoms A hot flash is a spontaneous feeling of warmth that may be accompanied by sweating, palpitations, flushing of the skin, feelings of anxiety, and subsequent chills, and lasts for a few minutes. The flushes affect mainly the head and upper body, but sometimes the whole body. The flushes often also occur at night, are … Floods
Products Ospemifene is commercially available in tablet form (Osphena). It was approved in the United States in February 2013. It is not yet registered in many countries. Structure and properties Ospemifene (C24H23ClO2, Mr = 378.9 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder that is insoluble in water. It is a triphenylethylene derivative and has a … Ospemifene
Symptoms In osteoporosis, bones become weak, porous, and brittle and undergo structural changes. Even minor stresses can lead to a fracture, especially of the vertebrae, femoral neck, and wrists. Fractures pose a risk to the elderly and can lead to pain, hospitalization, surgery and disability. In the worst cases, they are even life-threatening. Other possible … Osteoporosis Causes and Treatment
