Products
Antitussives are commercially available in the form of tablets, capsules, as cough syrups, and drops, among others.
Structure and properties
Antitussives do not have a uniform chemical structure. However, many are derived from natural opium alkaloids (opioids).
Effects
Antitussives have cough-irritating (antitussive) properties. They reduce the frequency and intensity of coughing attacks. Their effects are usually nonspecific, that is, they depress the cough regardless of its cause.
Indications
For the treatment of nonproductive irritable cough (without mucus production).
Dosage
According to the professional information. Use depends on the drug. Antitussives are usually administered perorally.
Abuse
The opioid antitussives can be abused as intoxicants. See also misuse of cough syrup. Because of the adverse effects and potential for dependence, this is strongly discouraged.
Active ingredients
Opioid antitussives:
- Codeine
- Dihydrocodeine
- Ethylmorphine
- Hydrocodone
- Opium
- Pholcodine
NMDA antagonists:
- Dextromethorphan
Benzylisoquinolines:
- Noscapine
Non-opioid antitussives:
- Butamirate
- Butetamat
- Levodropropizine
- Morclofon
- Benproperin
- Pentoxyverine
1st generation antihistamines:
- Diphenhydramine
- Oxomemazine
- Pheniramine
- Phenyltoloxamine
Herbal antitussives:
- Marshmallow
- Honey
- Mallow
- Ribwort
- Icelandic moss
- Sundew
