Congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99).
- Alport syndrome (also called progressive hereditary nephritis) – genetic disorder with both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance with malformed collagen fibers that can lead to nephritis (inflammation of the kidneys) with progressive renal failure (kidney weakness), sensorineural hearing loss, and various eye diseases such as a cataract (cataract)
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Amyloidosis – extracellular (“outside the cell”) deposits of amyloids (degradation-resistant proteins) that can lead to cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease), nephropathy (kidney disease), neuropathy (peripheral nervous system disease), and hepatomegaly (liver enlargement), among other conditions
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – sex organs) (N00-N99).
- Glomerulonephritis – inflammation of the glomeruli (renal corpuscles) of the kidneys caused by many different factors.
- Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) – in FSGS, sclerosis (hardening of tissue) and deposits occur in the area of the glomeruli (renal filterlets); associated with nephrotic syndrome in approximately 15% of cases
- Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) (membranous nephropathy) – the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults; accounts for 20-30% of all glomerulonephritides; can be primary or secondary (secondary to other diseases)
- Mesangial IgA glomerulonephritis (synonyms: IgA nephritis (IgAN); IgA nephropathy (IgAN) – is associated with the deposition of immunoglobulin A (Ig A) in the mesangium (intermediate tissue) of the glomeruli; most common form of glomerulonephritis with up to 35% of cases; age > 40 years, IgA nephropathy is the most common differential diagnosis.
- Minimal change glomerulonephritis (MCGN) (glomerular minimal lesion) – most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in childhood.
- Necrotizing glomerulonephritis [rapid renal function loss].
- ANCA-associated (ANCA: antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody) glomerulonephritides.
- Anti-GBM (glomerular basement membrane) disease (synonym: Goodpasture’s syndrome) – combination of hemorrhagic pulmonary infiltrates with glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the renal corpuscles) – necrotizing (tissue dying) vasculitis (vascular inflammation) of small to medium-sized vessels (small-vessel vasculitides), which is associated with granuloma formation (nodule formation) in the upper respiratory tract (nose, sinuses, middle ear, oropharynx) as well as the lower respiratory tract (lungs).
- Lupus nephritis
- Lupus nephritis – nephritis (inflammation of the kidneys) that occurs as a result of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; group of autoimmune diseases in which there is the formation of autoantibodies).
