Pathogenesis
Dislocation describes a joint injury that results from dislocating forces. This involves severe capsular ligament tears that cause bony portions of the joint to briefly dislocate from the joint capsule.
A sprain (distortion) or strain describes a closed joint injury that results in lesions of the involved ligaments due to overstretching.
Etiology (causes)
Biographic causes
- Genetic predisposition leading to musculoskeletal abnormalities.
Behavioral causes
- High-risk sports (e.g., basketball, soccer, volleyball).
- Overweight* (BMI ≥ 25; obesity).
Disease-related causes
- Hindfoot varus*
Other causes*
- Accelerated concentric force of the plantar flexors in the upper ankle joint (OSG).
- Slowed reaction time of the tendon of the peronaeus brevis muscle.
- Impaired proprioceptive perception (kinesthetic perception; depth sensitivity) of inversion* * in the ankle joint.
* Predisposing factors for OSG distortion (OSG compression).
* Combination movement of supination (elevation of the inner edge of the foot while lowering the outer), adduction (splaying away from the center of the body), and plantar flexion of the foot (movement of the foot in the ankle joint toward the plantar surface).