Tripping of the heart, heart failure, palpitations, palpitations, palpitations,
- Swindle
- Fear
- Nervousness or
- Faint (syncope) come.
2. ventricular extrasystoles (VES, ventricular extrasystoles) In ventricular extrasystole, the extrasystole develops in the tissue of the heart chambers. It is also known that these additional heartbeats are produced in the ectopic tissue. (Ectopic means that normally no electrical impulses are emitted from this tissue, since this tissue is outside the normal pacemaker structure of the heart).
This extrasystole therefore has a different point of origin than a normal heartbeat that is generated in the sinus node. Ventricular extrasystoles are divided into different categories depending on their type. Monomorphic (monotopic) extrasystoles refer to those ventricular extrasystoles that always look the same in the ECG recording.
This form of ventricular extrasystoles frequently occurs in healthy individuals, but can also have a disease value. Polymorphic extrasystoles are those ventricular extrasystoles that take on different forms in the ECG recording so that no regularity can be detected. Doctors then often refer to an irregularly deformed QRS complex, a technical term for the heart excitation visible in the ECG.
These different ventricular complexes always have cardiac muscle damage as their cause. The heart muscle tissue of the heart is damaged by the scars, which means that the normal excitation conduction can no longer spread unhindered. These irregularities in the electrical conduction can cause new electrical impulses to be generated in the ectopic tissue, which can then trigger a ventricular extrasystole.
In addition to the origin of the extrasystoles, ventricular extrasystoles are also classified according to their relation to the normal heartbeat. A distinction is made here between the bigeminus or trigeminal nerve as well as salves. In the case of the bigeminus, a normal heart action is always followed by an extrasystole, in the case of the trigeminal nerve, a normal heart action is always followed by two extrasystoles.
These two extrasystoles that follow a normal heart action are also called couplets. If a normal cardiac action is followed by three or more extrasystoles without a normal cardiac action in between, this is called a burst. These types of extrasystoles can lead to a pulse deficit.
This happens when the extrasystole occurs during the actual heartbeat. As a result, the heart cannot fill with blood properly and the heart’s beat volume is lower. Because of the low beat volume, the pulse wave no longer reaches the patient’s arm, for example, so that no pulse can be felt there.
This is called a pulse deficit, because there are more heartbeats per minute than measurable pulse waves at the extremities. Depending on the time of occurrence of the ventricular extrasystoles, the rhythm of the heartbeat can remain the same or be shifted. If an extrasystole is close to the following heartbeat, this heartbeat cannot be executed.
The heart is not yet ready to be excited again, it is still in the refractory period. As a result, a heartbeat is missing and a so-called compensatory pause occurs, which, although it does not have to have any disease value, is often perceived by patients as a heart stumbling or cardiac arrest. Ventricular extrasystoles are classified according to the Lown classification. This classification is based on the occurrence of ventricular extrasystoles in the 24h long-term ECG and divides the ventricular extrasystoles into simple and complex VES. In the so-called R-on-T phenomenon, the extrasystole falls into a dangerous phase of the normal heartbeat and ventricular fibrillation can occur, which is why this form of extrasystole is the most dangerous of all forms.
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