Eyes and ocular appendages (H00-H59).
- Acute inflammation of the orbit (eye socket).
- Bacterial (kerato)conjunctivitis in contact lens wearers: bacterial conjunctivitis with acanthamoeba or Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Ectropion of the lower eyelid (outward tilting of the eyelid; mostly of the lower eyelid) – clinical picture: there is as a result of lagophthalmos (incomplete closure of the eyelid) conjunctival hyperemia (increased blood flow to the conjunctiva), because the tear fluid can no longer adequately wet the surface of the eye
- Endophthalmitis (inflammation of the interior of the eye), bacterial or mycotic (“fungal”); possibly also endogenous (e.g., due to an intestinal infection)
- Episcleritis – inflammation of the episclera (uppermost layer of the sclera/sclera)/inflammation of the connective tissue between the sclera and conjunctiva; moderately painfulNote: In up to 50% of affected individuals, an underlying systemic disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitides) can be detected.
- Erosio corneae – superficial corneal defect affecting the epithelium; localization: mostly in the lower third of the cornea (because of drying of the corneal surface in insufficiency / insufficient eyelid closure).
- Iritis, acute (inflammation of the iris).
- Glaucoma, acute (glaucoma) / glaucoma attack: symptomatology: eye pain, nausea (nausea)/ vomiting, usually unilateral eye redness, extremely hard eyeball, sudden loss of vision (see fog; see veils), see color rings (halos); clinical findings: red eye with medium-wide, light-starved pupils; eyes often appear dull and cloudy.
- Hyposphagma (subconjunctival hemorrhage/sharp outlined hemorrhage under the conjunctiva of the eye) – acute red eye, with discoloration confined to the space between the sclera (sclera) and conjunctiva (conjunctiva); risk factors: oral anticoagulation (anticoagulation), arterial hypertension (high blood pressure; poorly controlled or not treatable), physical exertion such as lifting, pushing, in labor, or vigorous sneezing or coughing
- Conjunctivitis, acute (conjunctivitis) (infectious conjunctivitis; viral conjunctivitis/keratoconjunctivitis epidemica)Note:
- Allergic conjunctivitis caused by allergen exposure does not cause pain; usually acutely caused by immunoglobulin E-reactive allergens (type I: immediate-type allergy; classic “hay fever”)
- Acute bilateral conjunctivitis is often viral conjunctivitis.
- Keratitis (corneal inflammation).
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca – drying up of the secretion of the lacrimal glands (“dry eye”).
- Non-infectious keratitis caused by:
- Injuries
- Blinding (keratoconjunctivitis photoelectrica, keratitis photoelectrica, photokeratitis, or welder’s glare): acute death of the epithelium of the exposed ocular surface due to UVC radiation.
- Burn, chemical burn (chemical burn: rinse, rinse, rinse!).
- Foreign body
- Contact lens intolerance (contact lens associated keratitis).
- Scleritis – inflammation of the sclera of the eye;clinical picture: diffuse, washed-out red eye with dilated vessels; bulbar pain with often reduced vision.
- Trichiasis (v. Greek θρίξ, Gen. τριχός “hair“; Eng. eyelash rubbing) – technical term for rubbing eyelashes on the cornea or conjunctiva of the eye.
- Ulcus corneae (corneal ulcer) – clinical picture: substance defect.
- Uveitis anterior (inflammation of the anterior region of the uvea (middle eye skin), especially the iris (iris) and ciliary muscle).
Blood, blood-forming organs – immune system (D50-D90).
- Sarcoidosis (Boeck’s disease) – inflammatory systemic disease affecting mainly the skin, lungs and lymph nodes.
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Gout (→ urate deposits in the conjunctiva or sclera).
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99).
- Carotid-cavernosal fistula (carotid-cavernosal fistula) – acquired vascular anomaly in the form of arteriovenous fistulas between the internal or external carotid arteries and the cavernous sinus; symptoms: onset usually painless with a unilateral red eye (with massive dilatation of the conjunctival and episcleral vessels), in the further course secondary glaucoma develops with sometimes considerable pain (extremely rare emergency)
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Infectious keratitis (infection of the cornea of the eye) caused by:
- Bacteria such as staphylo- or streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Viruses such as the herpes simplex virus (HSV keratitis), herpes zoster.
- Fungi, v. a. Aspergillus or Candida
- Protozoa such as acanthamoebae, Toxoplasma gondii
- Nematodes (Nematoda; nematodes) such as Onchocerca volvulus (onchocerciasis (river blindness)).
Nervous system (G00-G99)
- Cluster headache; pain occurs in attacks and is unilateral and severe; usually located behind the eye; clinical presentation: brief unilateral (one-sided) head and/or facial pain attacks (pain in the area of the eye and temple, on one side of the face only); strong urge to move, with walking back and forth or rocking of the head or torso, during attacks (90%); concomitant occurrence of at least one of the following characteristics ipsilaterally (on the same side of the face):
- Red or watery eye (conjunctival redness/redness of conjunctiva).
- Miosis (temporary (intermittent) pupillary constriction) and ptosis (drooping upper eyelid).
- Eyelid edema (swelling of the eyelid).
- Stuffy or runny nose (rhinorrhea and/or nasal congestion (snuffy nose)).
- Sweating on the face (rarely also side-different).
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48)
- Nasopharyngeal tumor – neoplasm originating from the nasopharynx.
- Neoplasms of the eye, unspecified.
Injuries, poisonings and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
- Eye injuries, unspecified (immediate admission to an eye hospital); e.g., wg :
- Bulbous trauma (external force on the globe; e.g., by punch, belt buckle, ball); symptoms: severe pain and photophobia; possibly also presence of lid hematoma or monocular hematoma; pupils appear moderately dilated to dilated, are light-rigid or sluggish
- Penetrating bulbar injury → patient immediately lie down and avoid any pressing
- Burning, blinding, etc. of the eye.
Further
- Foreign body
- Condition after abrasio corneae – scraping of the cornea.
- Condition after eye surgery
